Aliye Atay, Alper Sinan, Anıl Eralp, Belgin Akın, Bilal Barış Alkan, Büşra Altınel, Deniz Görgülü, Esme Özdaşlı, Fırat Kıyas Birel, Gül Kadan, M. Petek Dinçman, Mehmet Ali Hamedoğlu, Mehmet Sabir Çevik, Mehtap Akçil Ok, Metin Karaca, Nihan Potas, Nilay Neyişci, Rıdvan Küçükali, Rukiye Dağalp, Sait Akbaşlı, Selim Kanat, Şahika Gökmen, Şefika Şule Erçetin, Şuay Nilhan Açıkalın Scientific research; It is the process of learning, collaborating effectively with other researchers and fields, and turning all this into a great excitement, with intense effort and endless effort, passionate curiosity and never-ending quest.
This book has been prepared to help you with its rich content and competent writers in such a process.

Niyazi Karasar The book was rewritten in 2016. In my second article, the author; the perception of scientific research was restructured with the experience gained from nearly fifty years of research, training and consultancy services in the field of Research Methodology. All perceptual wills, which were observed to be effective in the decision processes of real life, were included in the field of scientific interest. Thus, it was aimed to remove or alleviate the limitations of scientific research experienced in understanding, explaining and controlling life as a whole.
In the first part of the book, "Scientific Will Perception Framework" and "Research Education"; In the second part, "Research Processes" from defining the research problem to preparing a report were tried to be presented as a whole with the basic concepts, principles and techniques.With this form, it is aimed that the book will be a resource that those who are interested in research in almost every field and at every level can choose and benefit from.
The details of preparing the report are given in the book "Report Preparation in Research" with the addition of "Research and Publication Ethics", which was published in the twenty-first edition together with the second article prepared by the author with the same perception framework.

Yalçın Karagöz, Sait Bardakçı The way to reach accurate information in a scientific research is to collect as much error-free data as possible. This is only possible with the use of reliable and valid measurement tools developed using scientific methods. In this book, it is aimed to discuss the development processes of a reliable and valid measurement tool in detail.
In the book, the development processes of questionnaires, scales and tests, which are measurement tools used in quantitative scientific research, are explained in detail with SPSS and AMOS solutions. The solution and interpretation of the examples for the types of reliability and validity that the scales should have have been tried to be presented in a simplicity that can be easily understood. The steps of adapting a scale developed in a foreign language into Turkish are also included. In the last part, data collection methods used in qualitative scientific research are discussed together with their strengths and weaknesses.
This book is a work that can be used by researchers who do scientific research, especially scale development studies, and students studying at the graduate level.

Zeynep Karataş, Yasemin Yavuzer Evaluation in the counseling process is the process of obtaining information in order to learn about the life of the client and the situations leading to counseling and to develop an effective intervention plan. This book, which deals with non-testing techniques that can be used in this process, consists of eight chapters. In the first two chapters of the book, the test techniques used in recognizing the individual and getting to know the individual are briefly included; in other sections, non-test techniques used to identify the individual are discussed in detail. In the third part of the book, non-test techniques based on self-explanation; in the fourth part, observation techniques; in the fifth part, non-testing techniques based on interaction and in the sixth part, non-test techniques based on the opinions of others are included. In the seventh chapter, under the title of other non-test techniques; bibliotherapy, cinetherapy, hobby therapy, art therapy, painting therapy, dance-motion therapy, music therapy, case study and case conference, individual and group psychological counseling are included. The last part of the book includes the student file system used in the field of psychological counseling and guidance.
It is thought that this book will contribute to psychological counseling and guidance students and psychological counselors working in the field as a source book. Any comments and suggestions about the book will strengthen us.

Çetin Toraman - Emel Akay - Hasan Fehmi Özdemir - Engin Karadağ This book is intended to explain to researchers how to perform multilevel regression models and analysis through the HLM program. In the first part of the book, which consists of four parts, the statistical foundations of multilevel regression models have been tried to be mentioned. In the second, third and fourth sections, applications are given on a completely exemplary research situation. In these sections, firstly, an exemplary research situation is explained, then how to transfer the data of this research situation to the HLM program and how the analysis is carried out are explained in detail with visuals. Since one of the most important problems for researchers is how to report their analyzes, a table and an example of interpretation are also included in the sections where the applications are made. In the book, the application of analysis is given priority rather than theoretical foundations.

Hakan Eygü The fields of probability and statistics, which are widely used in many fields today, contain theorems that are difficult to understand and are complicated by students. Therefore, the aim of this book is; The aim is to teach probability and statistics fields more easily to students studying in all departments of universities, especially science, social and health, with an easy-to-understand expression and using a plain language. In order to achieve this, many solved examples from daily life are given in the chapters and at the end of the chapters of the book.
Since the book is prepared in accordance with the contents of Probability and Mathematical Statistics courses, which are generally taught in two semesters in many departments of universities, the textbook at the undergraduate level can also be used as a supplementary resource in graduate programs.

Ayşe Tuğba Öner, Berna Karakoç, Beyza Aksu Dünya, Erkan H. Atalmış, Esen Turan Özpolat, Halil İbrahim Sarı, Hülya Yürekli, İbrahim Delen, İbrahim Yıldırım, Kevser Eryılmaz, Lokman Akbay, M. Fatih Karacabey, Mahmut Kalman, Mesut Yıldırım, Murat Doğan Şahin, Ragıp Terzi, Sedat Şen, Serkan Uçan, Sevilay Çırak Kurt, Tuncer Akbay Undoubtedly, it has been the scientific method that sheds the most light on human beings, who are in search of understanding nature and discovering the unknown, in this process. The scientific method has gone through different phases throughout history; It has taken many years for a scientific research process on which scientists have agreed to become clear. In this process, science was influenced by different philosophies and different approaches emerged. Although the positivist perspective of science and social sciences is common, post-positivist, social constructivist and pragmatist perspectives in social sciences are also accepted as a scientific approach. Educational sciences under the umbrella of social sciences also follow the methodology in social sciences. Educational scientists need to have a command of scientific methodology as well as their own field. The books to be published in this field are important in terms of meeting the needs of educational researchers. The "Research Methods in Education" book prepared in this context is a scientific research methods book enriched with examples and details in the field of education.
This book can be used as an undergraduate and graduate course book in Education Faculties and Institutes. Considering the scope and content of the book, it will be seen that it can be used as a textbook as well as an academic resource as a guide for education researchers. While the research methods books in the literature tend to focus on a single approach, each approach has been tried to be given in detail in this book.
The first part of the book covers the foundations of scientific research, ways of knowing, paradigms that guide scientific research processes, scientific research process and ethical rules. In the second part, the definition of the research problem and the literature review, sampling and sampling methods are discussed. In the third part of the book, research methods are presented in detail and each method is supported by an example from the field of education. In the fourth and fifth sections, respectively, data collection and analysis techniques are mentioned. In the last part of the book, the reporting of scientific research is presented in detail.

Metin Özkan, Yeşim Özer Özkan, Şule Betül Tosuntaş, Nuray Yıldırım, Zehra Keser Özmantar, Metin Özkan, Yeşim Özer Özkan, Ramazan Cansoy, Muhammet Emin Türkoğlu, Selahattin Turan, Yeşim Özer Özkan, Sabiha Dulay, Elif Aydoğdu Research Methods in Education is a bedside resource that provides information on the patterning of scientific research, data collection, analysis and reporting. In the first part of the book; “Why do we need research?” The answer to the question was sought, and it was emphasized how a prospective teacher or educational scientist should be a researcher. In the second part; The planning processes of educational researches were discussed in all aspects, and these processes were supported with examples. In the third part; “Where should I start the research?” It was tried to answer the question, literature review, ways and methods of accessing primary sources, major databases, journals and internet resources of the field of educational sciences. In the fourth chapter; The problem, problem selection and writing processes, which are the first steps of the research, are explained in detail. In the fifth section; common research types in educational research; In the sixth chapter, the ways and methods about whom and where to apply to solve the problem in educational research are discussed. In the seventh chapter, the methods of obtaining the data needed for the solution of the data; in the eighth chapter, techniques for analyzing data; In the ninth chapter, the issues of checking the accuracy and credibility of the results are discussed in detail. The tenth chapter of this book deals with the subject of “teacher as an action researcher” in detail, which we think is very important for teachers and teacher candidates. In the eleventh and last chapter of this book, ethnography research and processes in education are explained.

Bekir Kürşat Doruk, Cahit Aytekin, Fatih Karakuş, Gülşah Batdal Karaduman, İbrahim Çetin, İlknur Özpınar, Mehmet Filiz, Melike Tural Sönmez, Muhammet Arıcan, Oğuz Köklü, Serdal Baltacı, Suphi Önder Bütüner, Şahin Danişman, Tuba Gökçek Probability and Statistics teaching aims to develop data collection tools for students to analyze real-life problems, to acquire data, to visualize these collected data or to interpret them through various calculations. When the studies are examined, it is seen that both students and teachers experience various difficulties in the teaching and learning of probability and statistics. The reasons for these difficulties are that most of the students try to memorize the formula instead of understanding the subject, cannot understand the question and cannot use appropriate teaching materials. This work, which was prepared to establish a solid bridge between theory and practice in the teaching of probability and statistics, The First Step to Data Science: Teaching Probability and Statistics, Basic Concepts and Teaching Related to Probability, Use of Simulation in Teaching Probability, Teaching Probability Distributions, Statistical Problem Solving Process: Research Question It consists of 9 main sections under the headings of Creating, Data Collection, Organizing and Analyzing, Distribution Concept and Teaching Frequency Distributions, Teaching Central Tendency Measures, Teaching Central Dispersion (Change) Measures, Difficulties Experienced by Students, Causes and Solution Suggestions.
Each of the sections in the work; It has been written by academics who are experts in their fields and continue their academic studies in different universities in Turkey. We hope that the prepared work will be beneficial to academicians, teachers, students studying in undergraduate and graduate programs with its rich content and application examples and will contribute to the field of mathematics education.

Kaan Zülfikar Deniz Although statistics is a very easy field to learn, the learner's own affective barriers can prevent learning. When we look at those who have problems in learning statistics, it is seen that most of these individuals have had negative experiences in numerical or statistics courses in the past.
This work, named Statistical, provides a practical learning resource for researchers, academicians and students working in both social sciences and other fields of science, without overwhelming the learner with statistical formulas. A self-resource has been created for all the information needed for introduction to statistics and the application of fundamental analysis.
The first part of the book has a structure that is explained simply and reinforced with real-life examples. The statistical information in the first part forms the basis of the subjects in the second part. In the second part, the introduction of the SPSS program, the explanation for all statistical analysis, the visual processing steps of the SPSS application of the relevant subject, the introduction of the SPSS results, the tabulation and interpretation parts in accordance with the APA format, which is frequently used in social sciences. In addition to these, the most common mistakes in the relevant statistics at the end of each topic and the special situations that the researcher may encounter and the solution proposals, which consist of their solution suggestions, are in the nature of answers to the questions that most researchers cannot find answers to. The book aims to provide permanent learning as a whole and systematically.

Bülent Yılmaz This course book has been prepared on the basis of the content of the courses taught under the name of Statistics, General Statistics and Introduction to Statistics in Education Faculties, Science and Literature Faculties and Vocational Schools (Health Vocational Schools).
In the first chapter, the concepts of statistics and graphics, series and frequency curves are emphasized. In the next chapters, probability and probability function, expected values and moments, distribution theory, correlation and regression are studied with extensive examples.

Asiye Şengül Avşar, Cansu Ayan, Çiğdem Akın Arıkan, Eren Can Aybek, Fatih Orçan, Fulya Barış Pekmezci, Sinem Demirkol, Seher Yalçın, Tuğba Karadavut In scientific research, it is important that the data analysis is done correctly, accordingly the findings are interpreted correctly and the results are delivered to the readers correctly. In this book, Jamovi, one of the open source and free software that can be used in data analysis, is introduced and sample data analyzes are carried out.
In the book, respectively; Introducing Jamovi, descriptive statistics, comparison of sample means, correlation, regression, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, mediation and regulatory analysis, effect size and power analysis, Rasch model and changing item functions in the context of item response theory with examples. explained practically. Our readers can access the data sets used in the sample applications with the QR code given in the foreword. It is thought that repeating the process steps described in the book over these shared data sets is important in increasing the permanence of learning.
Easy Statistics with Jamovi book; It is expected to guide researchers working in the field of social sciences, undergraduate and graduate students in performing their analyzes easily and without making scientific mistakes.

Ahmet Günay, Ali Murat Alparslan, Bekir Çetintav, Birsen Özalp, Elif Baygın, Elif Tatlı, Fatih Demir, Gül Bilgin, Hakan Demirgil, Halil Aslan Kılıç, Mehmet Ali Taş, Mehmet Özmen, Melis Özgiller Orhun, Mücahit Avcı, Nurdan Oral Kara, Oğuzhan Kürşat Uçar, Ömer Faruk Oktar, Ömer Lütfi Antalyalı, Seher Yastıoğlu, Selda Limon, Sema Polatcı, Tolga Gül We envied the plain and pleasant structure of Jamovi and wanted to prepare a user-friendly book worthy of it. First we set our goal. Our goal is; so that a researcher can learn to do his own analysis in an enjoyable way. In order to achieve our goal, we had to provide the information that the researcher might need while analyzing, in a plain and fluent language without entering into discussions. For each analysis, we created a research story. We wanted to immerse the reader in the story by staying away from a cold or unpleasant academic language. We tied the story to a research question. We made our readers feel that statistics is a tool to satisfy their curiosity. Afterwards, we explained all the steps of the relevant analysis with screenshots in Jamovi. We could have stopped at this point, but the researcher's need did not end there. How would the analysis results be reported? In order to meet this need, we first explained how to write an academic report after each analysis. Afterwards, we completed the study by showing how to report the results of the analysis in everyday language for practitioners.
We think that this book will contribute especially to social scientists who will just start statistical analysis. With this intention, each of our writers showed special sensitivity to their own section. They were patient with the feedback we gave and re-edited their sections to increase clarity. In addition, we gave our readers the opportunity to access the data sets in digital environment so that they can repeat the analyzes they learned in all sections. The Jamovi team has done its part to show that statistics is a pleasant world; We tried to do our part with the same motivation.
We hope that this book, which we have prepared in order to contribute to the research journey of new researchers and to make the analysis process enjoyable, will lead to many researches...
Analysis knowledge and range is a master's toolbox. The more various tools he has in him, the higher his capacity to solve the problems he encounters, whatever the type.

Sedat Şen Structural equation modeling has become a frequently used methodology both in social sciences and other fields in recent years. This methodology can be used in analyzes such as scale development, examining the psychometric properties of the scale, measuring invariance, testing multivariate models, estimating direct and indirect effects, as well as providing researchers with the opportunity to test their theories on empirical data. As in other multivariate statistics, advanced computer software is needed for parameter estimation in structural equation modeling. Mplus program, which is among the structural equation modeling software, has become a prominent latent variable program in recent years thanks to the flexibility it offers. This book, which is the first work on the Mplus program written in Turkey, focuses on how to implement structural equation modeling applications with the Mplus program; Path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural regression, latent growth models and applications of multigroup and multilevel models are included in the Mplus axis. The main purpose of this book is to facilitate the understandability and applicability of structural equation modeling for readers. Hope it will be a useful reference resource for anyone who plans to use structural equation modeling in their research with the Mplus program...

Satılmış Tekindal This book includes quantitative, qualitative and mixed method research designs and statistics. Book; introduction to research, research problem, hypotheses and variables, measuring variables, universe and sample, quantitative research designs; single-subject studies; internet-based research; data collection methods, observation, questionnaire, interview; analysis of quantitative data, descriptive and descriptive statistics (hypothesis testing); qualitative research designs, analysis of qualitative research data; mixed method research designs, analysis of mixed method research data; It consists of the main parts of writing a research proposal and writing the report of the research.
The differences of this book from other research books are; explaining internet-based research in which there are rapid developments in that direction and showing how to do it; The aim is to integrate quantitative, qualitative and mixed method research approaches within the framework of scientific method, and to show which and how to use descriptive and descriptive statistics in accordance with research designs.
The book is an exemplary book based on practice rather than theory, which can be easily used by undergraduate and graduate students, lecturers, teachers and other interested parties who want to do research, and will guide them to do their own research. With the hope that it will contribute to science and the field and be useful to all concerned...

Tahir Khaniyev - İhsan Ünver - Zafer Küçük - Tülay Kesemen In this book titled "Solution Problems in Probability Theory", we have included the original problems we have created as well as the problems in Turkish, Azerbaijani, English and mostly Russian sources. Our main aim in this study is to enrich students' mathematical thinking structures by enabling them to see as many problems as possible. We believe that this problem and exercise book, the first edition of which has been published, will be useful to all students taking probability courses.
In the first part of the book, after giving examples on “Basic Concepts of Probability Theory”, briefly permutation and combination, there are many examples suitable for n >2 dice rolls, especially among the examples suitable for the classical probability definition. In addition, examples that use probability rules related to the combination of at least two events are given weight. The probabilities of independent events, fully independent events and conditional probability, Bayes' theorem and problems complying with the total probability formulas are prepared. Finally, in the first chapter, very comprehensive geometric probability questions are solved.
The second part is devoted to discrete and continuous probability distributions. Bernoulli, binomial, discrete regular, geometric, negative binomial, hyper geometric, Poisson distributions from discrete distributions, regular, exponential, normal, Gamma, Weibull, Beta, Cauchy distributions from continuous distributions are discussed.
In the third chapter, problems on "Numerical and Functional Characteristics of Random Variables" are expressed and their solutions are presented to the reader in the form of exercises. In this section, the expected value, variance, higher order moments, moment generating and characteristic functions of random variables are examined.
We believe that it will be very useful to the faculty members who recommend this book as a supplementary book in our universities and to the students who apply to benefit from it.

Memmedağa Memmedli, Dursun Aydın This textbook, which was written for undergraduate and graduate students, covers the second part of the "Probability and Statistics" course taught at universities, statistics and applications.
Book; It has been prepared by taking into account the concepts, basic theoretical issues and sample problems for application, which are suitable for the content of statistics courses. Basic topics of statistics such as sampling distributions, rank statistics and distributions, point and interval estimations, hypothesis testing are discussed in detail by making many sample solutions.
This textbook; It is designed as a resource for undergraduate and graduate students studying in Science, Engineering, Medicine, Technology and Economics and Administrative Sciences, among the faculties where statistics are used extensively. This book can also be used as a reference book for lecturers who teach outside the statistics departments.
In the book, 177 solved examples and 316 end-of-chapter exercise questions are included in terms of practice. These questions are based on typical mistakes and misconceptions that students can make.

Aysun Devrim Yemenici, Beril Zeynep Hacıosman, Elif Çarpar, Elif Yöyen, Erkal Erzincan, Esra Akcan, Fatih Bal, Fatma Biçer, Filiz Tuna, Haydeh Faraji, Kahraman Güler, Kemal Er, Öznur Bozkurt, Yağmur Callak The effort to test different aspects of the psychological functions of events and situations is an important subject of contemporary psychology. In the process of realizing this function, the use of psychometric and statistical methods, as well as various, well-known standard tests, which are specially created as required by the relevant event and situation, are common. While psychologists working in the academic field may only focus on research and psychological theories aiming to deepen in a particular field, some other psychologists use this information in the field of applied psychology to provide immediate and practical benefit. Although these approaches show some differences, they are not mutually exclusive, and many psychologists become involved in a research process at some point in their career journey. Every psychologist who wants to be successful in his professional career should have a good command of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative psychological research includes the application of statistical analysis methods to psychological research and the development of new statistical approaches to measure or explain human behavior.
Most researchers consider the SPSS software program, which is the most widely used statistical analysis program in social sciences and especially behavioral sciences, as a difficult method. Spss Applications and Research Methods for Psychologists book is a guiding guide that also aims to ease the difficulties in this subject. This book will provide psychologists who want to do research with the ability to analyze research problems statistically, and to scientifically analyze the phenomena and events that fall into the field of psychology.

İbrahim Ethem Özgüven Parallel to the developments in the world, "psychological tests" in our country started as a "translation" movement of tests developed in other countries at the beginning of the current century, and there was no development effort and effort on the tests. In today's sense, writing, testing, applying, doing item analysis, choosing good questions and preparing the posttest, and conducting validity and reliability studies started in the mid-1950s. In the period since the 1950s, important institutions have been established in the fields of measurement technique, psychological tests and test development in our country.
Increasing demand for tests; It has enabled the rapid development of psychology and the branch of psychological tests in our country compared to other branches. Psychological Tests book; He focused on "test development", "appropriate use of psychological tests and appropriate interpretation of the obtained scores", "introducing psychological tests, especially those found in our country".
This book is about psychological tests in undergraduate and partially graduate programs applied in psychology, psychological counseling, psychiatry, assessment and evaluation, program development, child development and education, vocational and technical education, special education, classroom teaching, social services and other related departments of universities. It has been prepared as a “textbook” that can be read.

Yalçın Karagöz With this book, the researcher; will be able to analyze and interpret the results by looking only at the subject of interest, without examining the entire book. This book has been prepared for undergraduate, graduate and especially scientific research. Regarding the subjects, the examples were solved first theoretically and then with SPSS, AMOS and META package program. In this book, single and multivariate statistics are explained almost completely. In addition, since the book also contains theoretical information, it can be preferred in undergraduate and graduate education.

Yalçın Karagöz This book has been prepared for undergraduate, graduate and especially scientific research. In this book, in quantitative, qualitative and mixed research, how the research process (determining the research problem, establishing hypotheses, determining the sampling method, data collection, reliability, validity, analysis of the data, evaluation of the findings, reporting, publication ethics etc.) will be carried out, quantitative, qualitative and mixed research. terms of use of analysis methods, use of package programs (SPSS-AMOS-META) in the analysis of data, statistics specific to the field of health, etc. tried to be given. In quantitative methods, parametric and nonparametric techniques and their differences, analysis methods to be applied according to these differences are given. Similarly, the differences between qualitative methods and the situations to be applied according to these differences are given.

Akif Avcu Today, many different statistical processes have become an integral part of test development processes in order to examine the qualities that measurement tools should have. With the widespread use of measurement tools, these procedures have been accepted as a "standard" for many researchers. In particular, confirmatory factor analysis and explanatory factor analysis are carried out to examine the construct validity. On the other hand, it is seen that these analyzes carried out today are carried out with techniques based on item response theory. In addition, the examination of structural equivalence, person congruence, and differentiated item functions are increasingly used in studies to determine validity. In addition to providing theoretical explanations on this new understanding of the validity and reliability, this book also includes a content that explains how the analyzes are carried out in the R software environment and how the findings are interpreted. For this reason, the R software environment is introduced in a part of the book. In order to make it easier for researchers to make applications, the R codes of the sample analyzes and the data sets used are also available to the readers. With this book, it is hoped that the frequency of use of modern test development applications in future studies will increase.