Mining, Geology, Geophysics and Petroleum Engineering \ 1-1
Boron carbide, which is the hardest material known after diamond and cubic boron nitride, is an important material used in abrasive chemicals, defense industry, nuclear technology and aerospace industry applications, thanks to its many desirable properties such as low density, high chemical resistance, high hardness and melting point. is the main compound.
Today, approximately 95% of the products used in the world boron carbide market are produced by traditional carbothermic reduction methods. Considering the toxic gas, dusting and regulations that occur during production with these methods, it is seen that traditional production methods are not sustainable and therefore researches on sustainable boron carbide production methods are increasing.
“Low temperature boron carbide production with alternative carbon sources”, which is a strong option in terms of environmental responsibility and competitive production costs, has been researched with many different approaches, especially in recent years, and positive steps have been taken regarding its industrial applicability. Within the scope of this book, a general presentation of these studies, together with their technical infrastructure, has been shared with the researchers.
Today, approximately 95% of the products used in the world boron carbide market are produced by traditional carbothermic reduction methods. Considering the toxic gas, dusting and regulations that occur during production with these methods, it is seen that traditional production methods are not sustainable and therefore researches on sustainable boron carbide production methods are increasing.
“Low temperature boron carbide production with alternative carbon sources”, which is a strong option in terms of environmental responsibility and competitive production costs, has been researched with many different approaches, especially in recent years, and positive steps have been taken regarding its industrial applicability. Within the scope of this book, a general presentation of these studies, together with their technical infrastructure, has been shared with the researchers.
Mineralogy, which means mineral science, is a science that examines the physical, chemical, geometric, optical and crystallographic properties of minerals and classifies minerals according to these properties.
General Mineralogy, which examines minerals according to their basic physical, geometric, and crystallographic properties, and Special Mineralogy, which examines minerals by classifying them according to different properties, are tried to be taught in a single semester, not in two semesters, as in the past. Although there are many printed works in this field, there is almost no Mineralogy book that deals with General and Special Mineralogy together. At the point where geology education has reached today in the world and in Turkey, more basic subjects are covered within the scope of compulsory courses and detailed information about these subjects is given either in elective courses or in graduate education. The mineralogy book has been tried to be prepared in such a way that it combines both subjects in a way that covers the basic information, is concise enough to fit in one semester, and comprehensive enough to be taught in two semesters. Therefore, the study is intended for Geological Engineers, a handbook where many information can be easily accessed, a basic textbook for mining, geophysics, environment, agriculture and biology departments dealing directly or indirectly with mineralogy, and gemstones at associate degree, drilling and mining programs, and researchers dealing with earth sciences. Efforts were made to make it a reference book. It is inevitable that there will be some deficiencies because the work is tried to be kept in a certain volume. In order for researchers to reach more detailed information, the reference works and the addresses of the relevant web sites are given in the resources section.
I hope that the book will be useful to researchers and students in other disciplines, especially in the department of geological engineering.
General Mineralogy, which examines minerals according to their basic physical, geometric, and crystallographic properties, and Special Mineralogy, which examines minerals by classifying them according to different properties, are tried to be taught in a single semester, not in two semesters, as in the past. Although there are many printed works in this field, there is almost no Mineralogy book that deals with General and Special Mineralogy together. At the point where geology education has reached today in the world and in Turkey, more basic subjects are covered within the scope of compulsory courses and detailed information about these subjects is given either in elective courses or in graduate education. The mineralogy book has been tried to be prepared in such a way that it combines both subjects in a way that covers the basic information, is concise enough to fit in one semester, and comprehensive enough to be taught in two semesters. Therefore, the study is intended for Geological Engineers, a handbook where many information can be easily accessed, a basic textbook for mining, geophysics, environment, agriculture and biology departments dealing directly or indirectly with mineralogy, and gemstones at associate degree, drilling and mining programs, and researchers dealing with earth sciences. Efforts were made to make it a reference book. It is inevitable that there will be some deficiencies because the work is tried to be kept in a certain volume. In order for researchers to reach more detailed information, the reference works and the addresses of the relevant web sites are given in the resources section.
I hope that the book will be useful to researchers and students in other disciplines, especially in the department of geological engineering.
In our country, maps in different scales are produced for different purposes. These maps are used by different professionals in all kinds of projects and applications based on the earth. Technical staff outside the map industry should know and be able to apply the subject and simple measurement techniques in order to be able to carry out the technical principles and application projects related to the production of these maps they use. This work has been prepared in such a way that it can be a reference source for the problems related to topography of technical staff working in sectors such as construction, architecture, city and regional planning, geology, mining, environment and agriculture, especially outside the mapping sector. In addition, the main issues of the map-cadastre sector related to topographic measurements are also included in the work.
Soil mechanics and foundation engineering have traditionally studied the behavior of soils and foundations under static loads. On the other hand, soil dynamics can be affected by earthquakes, wind, heavy traffic, machines that produce harmonic or pulsed movements, construction activities such as pile manufacturing, soil improvement, explosions in mines, etc. It deals with the behavior of soils and foundations under dynamic loads caused by Improvements in soil dynamics intensified especially after the 1964 Niigata Earthquake, and engineers tried to better understand the behavior of soils under such loads in order to create safer design methods.
This book has been prepared with the aim of guiding students, engineers and colleagues who want to learn about the subject of soil dynamics, starting from the basic concepts, the behavior of soils under dynamic loads is tried to be presented in a general framework, and the subjects are introduced to engineers who want to learn more. has been studied.
This book has been prepared with the aim of guiding students, engineers and colleagues who want to learn about the subject of soil dynamics, starting from the basic concepts, the behavior of soils under dynamic loads is tried to be presented in a general framework, and the subjects are introduced to engineers who want to learn more. has been studied.
The relationship between soil, earthquake and constructions (static and dynamic loads) is an interactive relationship. On the one hand, earthquake waves and constructions change the strength properties of soils (for example, decrease in bearing capacity, slope failures, settlements, etc.), on the other hand, soils can cause damage to constructions by changing the amplitude and frequency characteristics of earthquake waves (amplifying). Although “floors” is the youngest and smallest unit of the world, it has a great importance in terms of its relationship with our cities and constructions and its effects on our lives. Urban planning stands out as an important study in expanding urban areas as a result of population growth. In order to improve the general welfare and quality of life of the society, it is necessary to achieve a balance between human settlements and the components/dynamics of the earth, whether at the macro or micro level. “Soil investigations” to be carried out both within the scope of large-scale urban planning applications and in the context of small-scale structural engineering are one of the important stages in establishing this balance. All studies in this direction have to be multidisciplinary in character by optimizing various human needs in harmony with the natural environment. This work has two main target audiences of equal value: the first is geophysical engineers with an interest in geotechnical, and the second is civil (geotechnical) engineers with an interest in geophysics. If engineers working in both fields know the limits of their "authorities and responsibilities", there are endless benefits in broadening the horizons of their "knowledge". In this context, besides the usefulness of this work for our colleagues who are geophysical engineers and civil (geotechnical) engineers, geological engineers working in the field of engineering geology, mining engineers working in rock mechanics and/or gallery-tunnel construction projects, and environmental engineer colleagues who are interested in environmental geotechnics/geophysics. We think that it will also be beneficial for urban planners/architects who are interested in microzonation studies within the scope of urban planning/transformation/renewal projects.
The book was revised due to its second edition, and some new additions were made to some sections. In addition, two topics that were not in the first edition were added. These; “Turkey Building Earthquake Code (2018): Principles for Design Under the Impact of Earthquake” and “Investigations on Contaminated Soils: Environmental Geotechnics and Geophysics”.
The book was revised due to its second edition, and some new additions were made to some sections. In addition, two topics that were not in the first edition were added. These; “Turkey Building Earthquake Code (2018): Principles for Design Under the Impact of Earthquake” and “Investigations on Contaminated Soils: Environmental Geotechnics and Geophysics”.