Middle Eastern Studies \ 1-1
The city of Jerusalem, which is considered sacred by Muslims, Christians and Jews, dates back to BC. It has an ancient history dating back to the 4000s. The dominance of states belonging to these religions in Jerusalem for different periods paved the way for the formation of holy places belonging to three religions in the city.
Various zoning activities carried out by the state in Jerusalem, which came under Ottoman rule in 1517, increased the quality of life of the city. One of the breaking points for Jerusalem in this period of domination that lasted until 1917 was the process that started with the French occupation of Egypt in 1798 and continued until the end of the Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Pasha rebellion in 1841. The emergence of the troubles in different parts of the state, such as the Wahhabi and Greek rebellions, in this time period, caused Jerusalem to be indirectly affected by these events, since it hosted different nations together.
In this study, which deals with the policy of the Ottoman Empire in Jerusalem between 1798-1841, the political events and administrative changes, the prominent activities in the approach of the state to Muslims, the rights granted by the state to non-Muslims and the ways of communication of the people with the state are examined.
Various zoning activities carried out by the state in Jerusalem, which came under Ottoman rule in 1517, increased the quality of life of the city. One of the breaking points for Jerusalem in this period of domination that lasted until 1917 was the process that started with the French occupation of Egypt in 1798 and continued until the end of the Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Pasha rebellion in 1841. The emergence of the troubles in different parts of the state, such as the Wahhabi and Greek rebellions, in this time period, caused Jerusalem to be indirectly affected by these events, since it hosted different nations together.
In this study, which deals with the policy of the Ottoman Empire in Jerusalem between 1798-1841, the political events and administrative changes, the prominent activities in the approach of the state to Muslims, the rights granted by the state to non-Muslims and the ways of communication of the people with the state are examined.
The Middle East and North Africa region, which has attracted the attention of the whole world throughout history, has started to take place as one of the most discussed agenda items in the international arena with the start of the process called "Arab Spring". The events in North Africa and the Middle East, known as the "Arab Spring", started in Tunisia and subsequently spread to Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Oman, Syria and Kuwait. Events have evolved in a different direction in each country as a result of the peculiarities of countries such as social culture, political background, experience and institutional structure, and the process has been experienced differently in each country.
In Tunisia, as a result of events where less violence and death were experienced compared to other countries, President Ben Ali had to leave the administration, a temporary government was established, the Constituent Assembly elections were held, and these elections went down in history as the first free and fair elections held in the countries involved in this process. The Constitutional Commission, which was established under the leadership of the Constituent Assembly, completed the Constitution that appeals to all segments of the country and was prepared by taking lessons from past experiences. Subsequently, Tunisia chose the new Prime Minister and President according to this constitution, setting an example for the countries in the region and showing its difference from other countries.
The reforms made as a result of mutual relations with the Ottomans and France in the historical process, and the features such as an educated and strong middle class, unique social and political culture, experience and institutional structure have had a great impact on Tunisia's gaining all this difference and success.
In Tunisia, as a result of events where less violence and death were experienced compared to other countries, President Ben Ali had to leave the administration, a temporary government was established, the Constituent Assembly elections were held, and these elections went down in history as the first free and fair elections held in the countries involved in this process. The Constitutional Commission, which was established under the leadership of the Constituent Assembly, completed the Constitution that appeals to all segments of the country and was prepared by taking lessons from past experiences. Subsequently, Tunisia chose the new Prime Minister and President according to this constitution, setting an example for the countries in the region and showing its difference from other countries.
The reforms made as a result of mutual relations with the Ottomans and France in the historical process, and the features such as an educated and strong middle class, unique social and political culture, experience and institutional structure have had a great impact on Tunisia's gaining all this difference and success.
It is important to realize that the thoughts of individuals who direct the policies of states have important consequences. While explaining these relations, it is necessary to try to grasp the role played by history, perceptions and value judgments, and to approach the explanations in which impersonal forces such as structure and state dominate from a human perspective.
The Palestinian Question has been handled from very different perspectives by different academics, writers and commentators. These different perspectives can lead people to new questions and research on the subject under discussion. In this book, it is aimed to present a different point of view to the readers by considering the Palestinian Question, in which the land is divided, in terms of the Jewish leaders' perspective, value judgments, beliefs and attitudes.
The Palestinian Question has been handled from very different perspectives by different academics, writers and commentators. These different perspectives can lead people to new questions and research on the subject under discussion. In this book, it is aimed to present a different point of view to the readers by considering the Palestinian Question, in which the land is divided, in terms of the Jewish leaders' perspective, value judgments, beliefs and attitudes.
The Middle East, which has been a center of attraction in every period of history due to its rich oil and natural gas deposits and being the center of monotheistic religions, is an unfortunate geography that has witnessed conflicts and wars in every period as a natural consequence of these characteristics. Factors such as power or prosperity revealed by classical approaches are insufficient to explain the events in international relations in the Middle East. Therefore, the internal dynamics of the region should be known very well. One of the most important internal dynamics in explaining the events in the region is the understanding of "Salaf" religion. This book explains the reasons for the events and conflicts in the Middle East by giving answers to questions such as what Salafism is, how it emerged, what historical processes it has reached today, what its types are, how it affects the people living in the region, events and international relations.
Although it is noteworthy that one of the cornerstones necessary to understand and make sense of the Middle East after the 2011 Arab uprisings is the relationship between politics and religion in the region, the importance of the issue is increasing day by day. As academics in Turkey, we tried to deal with the developments in the region and the background of the events.
As part of the ILEM Islamic Political Thought Project, we held a series of seminars under the heading "Politics and Religion in the Middle East". Our aim was to try to understand the politics-religion relationship in the region through different religious and political schools. In 2017, we tried to deal with issues in a different spectrum, from the origins of the two main currents in the region, $ii and Sunni political thoughts, to today's political reflections. Of course, the issues we deal with are neither limited to the seminars nor as they appear in the book; has much broader extensions. Nevertheless, we tried to produce a comprehensive and representative work.
As part of the ILEM Islamic Political Thought Project, we held a series of seminars under the heading "Politics and Religion in the Middle East". Our aim was to try to understand the politics-religion relationship in the region through different religious and political schools. In 2017, we tried to deal with issues in a different spectrum, from the origins of the two main currents in the region, $ii and Sunni political thoughts, to today's political reflections. Of course, the issues we deal with are neither limited to the seminars nor as they appear in the book; has much broader extensions. Nevertheless, we tried to produce a comprehensive and representative work.
This book analyzes the role of soft power in Qatar's foreign policy. Although Qatar is a small state, it could ensure its sovereignty and security through its soft power instruments. Thanks to hydrocarbon revenues, the Sheikhdom could become a regional actor through its assertive foreign policy, established one of the biggest media companies, namely Al Jazeera TV network, made new friends by foreign aid and overseas investments, could win the bid for hosting FIFA 2022 World Cup, and so on. In addition, personal efforts of incumbent Emir Tamim Al-Thani, former Emir Hamad Bin Khalifa and his wife Sheikha Moza have shown how soft power of individuals can change the destiny of a country. The book analyzes Qatar for the concept of soft power since the small country is one of the most successful countries wielding soft power. It also lays down the author's theories about the concept, which he tries to include to the literature.