History Teaching \ 1-1
The Turkish World has an important place in the world agenda as a reality that is of interest, needs to be taken into account and preserves its importance today as it was in the past. Being at the center of the world's transportation, energy and trade corridor, it has been in the focus of attention of global powers for a long time. During the 19th and 20th centuries, most of the communities and peoples that make up the Turkish World remained in captivity; even today, some of them still cannot lead an independent life, however, they protect their own identity by protecting their national and religious values. In this context, with this third book of our series, which reveals our 4000 years of Turkish history, titled "Contemporary Turkish World", we have visited Turkestan, Siberia, Idil-Ural, Crimea, Caucasus, Iran, the Balkans, the Middle East and Cyprus from the 1850s to 2020. As we examined the Turkish presence in Turkey, we also tried to reveal the policies of the countries that have a say in the world, as well as Turkey, towards the Turkish World and how they perceive this world.
Although the book was prepared especially for university students, it has become a book that can be used by those who are interested in the subject, who want to have basic knowledge and who want to learn about the approaches of world power centers towards the Turkish World. Hope it is useful…
Although the book was prepared especially for university students, it has become a book that can be used by those who are interested in the subject, who want to have basic knowledge and who want to learn about the approaches of world power centers towards the Turkish World. Hope it is useful…
The earliest known traveler is Strabo (64 BC - 24 AD) who was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. After Strabo, many travelers have traveled the world and described the places they have visited in their travel books. In these works, they talked about the geography of the places they went, the lifestyles of the people living there, their cultures, marital status, beliefs, architectural structures, commercial life, extraordinary events told there, stories, legends and many more. In this context, travel books are extremely important sources in terms of history, especially in terms of cultural history.
Every traveler sets out on his journey with his own beliefs and acceptances imposed on him by the cultural environment in which he grew up. He evaluates what he sees accordingly. Therefore, in this study, it has been tried to choose travelers from different cultures and belief circles while determining the travel books. Thus, the Sunni Muslim Ibn Khazar from Iraq (IX. century), the Shiite Muslim Nasser-i Husrev (XI. century) from Iran, the Jew Benjamin from Spain and the German Jew Petachia (XII. century), again from Spain Sunni Muslim al-Gırnati (XII. century) from Italy, Christian Marco Polo (XIII. century) from Italy, Christian missionary Wilhelm Von Rubruk from France (XIII. century), Sunni Muslim Ibn Battuta from Morocco ( XIV. century) and finally Christian Johannes Schiltberger (XIV-XV. century) from Germany were included in this study. Thus, we have brought together fantastic stories, some of which are real, but most of them are too extraordinary to be true, from the eyes of these travelers who visited the three continents of the Middle Ages and came from different faiths and cultures in their own time, and presented them to the reader. When readers start to read these fantastic stories, they will see the similarities between the subjects of fantastic stories, novels, TV series and movies that have increased in popularity today, and how the medieval narratives have sourced these modern studies.
Every traveler sets out on his journey with his own beliefs and acceptances imposed on him by the cultural environment in which he grew up. He evaluates what he sees accordingly. Therefore, in this study, it has been tried to choose travelers from different cultures and belief circles while determining the travel books. Thus, the Sunni Muslim Ibn Khazar from Iraq (IX. century), the Shiite Muslim Nasser-i Husrev (XI. century) from Iran, the Jew Benjamin from Spain and the German Jew Petachia (XII. century), again from Spain Sunni Muslim al-Gırnati (XII. century) from Italy, Christian Marco Polo (XIII. century) from Italy, Christian missionary Wilhelm Von Rubruk from France (XIII. century), Sunni Muslim Ibn Battuta from Morocco ( XIV. century) and finally Christian Johannes Schiltberger (XIV-XV. century) from Germany were included in this study. Thus, we have brought together fantastic stories, some of which are real, but most of them are too extraordinary to be true, from the eyes of these travelers who visited the three continents of the Middle Ages and came from different faiths and cultures in their own time, and presented them to the reader. When readers start to read these fantastic stories, they will see the similarities between the subjects of fantastic stories, novels, TV series and movies that have increased in popularity today, and how the medieval narratives have sourced these modern studies.
No war can be understood independently of the multi-layered accumulation of historical, political, ethnic, religious, economic, cultural and commercial interests that prepared it.
In this context, this work named World War II; While pursuing to bring to light the intertwined and complex causes of the Second World War that are beyond the visible, it also examines the background of the effect of economic and political crises on the strengthening of totalitarian regimes, together with its intricate causes.
In addition, while reconsidering the causes and consequences of the Second World War, as the bloodiest conflict of the twentieth century, eighty years later, it also sheds light on its complex connection with the problems eighty years later, enabling us to understand the hot and cold war potential of power relations in today's world.
The thousands of documented photographs included in the book, on the other hand, will memorize both the tools and ammunition of the war, as well as the horror and destructiveness of the war, as a documentary film.
In this context, this work named World War II; While pursuing to bring to light the intertwined and complex causes of the Second World War that are beyond the visible, it also examines the background of the effect of economic and political crises on the strengthening of totalitarian regimes, together with its intricate causes.
In addition, while reconsidering the causes and consequences of the Second World War, as the bloodiest conflict of the twentieth century, eighty years later, it also sheds light on its complex connection with the problems eighty years later, enabling us to understand the hot and cold war potential of power relations in today's world.
The thousands of documented photographs included in the book, on the other hand, will memorize both the tools and ammunition of the war, as well as the horror and destructiveness of the war, as a documentary film.
The first Turkish-Islamic States History book is a new and original work on the history of medieval Muslim and Turkish states. The book covers a wide historical period in chronological terms. In this process, the emergence of Islam, the acceptance of the religion of Islam by the Turks, the establishment of Muslim Turkish states and their dominance in the Islamic world; In addition, the organization, culture and civilization issues of these states were discussed. Thus, on the one hand, the political, social and cultural issues that developed in the history of Islam; On the other hand, the politics, organization, culture and civilization of the first Muslim Turkish states were discussed. The topics in the book are written in an original approach and academic style. The First History of Turkish-Islamic States book, prepared with the contribution of many academicians who are experts in their fields, is also a textbook for universities.
XIX. historiography in 19th-century Egypt; It is analyzed through Abdurrahman al-Ceberti, Abdullah al-Sharkavi, Ismail al-Haşşâb, Ahmed er-Recebî, Nikola et-Türk and their works. This work, which is the first in Turkish literature, deals with the main sources in Arabic as well as related researches in the English and partly French literature. The work has a special importance in Ottoman historiography as it enables the comparison of the last period historiography. In this respect, it presents interesting examples from the field about historiography, historical thought and procedure. In the work; Mamluks, Wahhabis, Azhar ulema, Egyptian society, declarations about the propaganda of the image of Muslim-French distributed to the public during the French occupation, Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Pasha and his period are among the prominent issues.
Written by Mahmut Şevket Pasha, illustrated by the Naval Ministry painter Hüseyin Hüsnü (Töngüz) Efendi, this work, consisting of three volumes and an addendum, named Ottoman Organization and Dress-i Military, is both military and military work from the foundation of the Ottoman Empire to its last period. He examines in great detail the organization of the military, as well as military outfits, which are not found in almost any other source. The first volume of the work covers the period from the establishment of the Ottoman Empire to the abolition of the Janissary Corps, the second volume covers the period from the establishment of the Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye Army to 1876, and the third volume covers the period between 1876-1903. The appendix to the work includes some partial changes made after 1903.
The first two volumes of the work, the third volume and the appendix, which were printed in the Mekteb-i Harbiye Printing House in 1909, were not published during the period, probably because they contain information about the current military organization. This part of the work, which includes the period of Sultan Abdulhamid, is also of great importance in that it covers a period in which the military organization developed tremendously. Mahmut Şevket Pasha, in the preface of the first edition, wishes that this last volume will be published in the future, and with this publication, we are fulfilling the will of Pasha a hundred years ago.
We hope that this magnificent work, which we have transferred from the manuscript copy containing all the volumes in the Rare Works Library of Istanbul University, to today's alphabet by being faithful to the language of the period, will be a source for detailed researches of history researchers.
The first two volumes of the work, the third volume and the appendix, which were printed in the Mekteb-i Harbiye Printing House in 1909, were not published during the period, probably because they contain information about the current military organization. This part of the work, which includes the period of Sultan Abdulhamid, is also of great importance in that it covers a period in which the military organization developed tremendously. Mahmut Şevket Pasha, in the preface of the first edition, wishes that this last volume will be published in the future, and with this publication, we are fulfilling the will of Pasha a hundred years ago.
We hope that this magnificent work, which we have transferred from the manuscript copy containing all the volumes in the Rare Works Library of Istanbul University, to today's alphabet by being faithful to the language of the period, will be a source for detailed researches of history researchers.
The Ottomans managed to maintain their unity and integrity in three continents by establishing and administering one of the longest-lived states in the world, in a geography known as the old world continents. It would be a wrong approach to base this success only on military power. Because the Ottoman Empire was able to maintain its existence for about three more centuries after losing its military power. So, to understand this, “How did the Ottomans provide peace and prosperity in the Middle East, the Balkans and the Caucasus, where turmoil is dominant today?” The answer to the question must be sought. Thus, it will be possible to find clues on how to improve the relations of societies with different cultures and beliefs with each other and how to achieve peace.
The Ottoman State showed the sensitivity of managing the beliefs and values of its people with different origins, beliefs and cultural characteristics, rather than interfering and preventing them. The most important aim of the state was to ensure peace and tranquility through the society's coexistence within the framework of mutual respect. For this reason, he developed a management model called the "Ottoman Nation System" and accepted different religions as interlocutors before the newly established religious institutions and leaders to represent them. The Ottoman State connected the Orthodox Christian people and especially other Christian elements in the Balkans to the Fener Greek Patriarchate, the Armenian people to the Armenian Patriarchate, and the Jewish people to the religious leader known as the Chief Rabbi and ruled through them. According to this, the leader of each congregation was obliged to collect the tax that his congregation had to pay, to deliver it to the treasury and to ensure that the members of the congregation comply with the laws set by the state. On the other hand, the state did not interfere with the religious and cultural lives of the communities by leaving them free in their own internal order.
The Ottoman State showed the sensitivity of managing the beliefs and values of its people with different origins, beliefs and cultural characteristics, rather than interfering and preventing them. The most important aim of the state was to ensure peace and tranquility through the society's coexistence within the framework of mutual respect. For this reason, he developed a management model called the "Ottoman Nation System" and accepted different religions as interlocutors before the newly established religious institutions and leaders to represent them. The Ottoman State connected the Orthodox Christian people and especially other Christian elements in the Balkans to the Fener Greek Patriarchate, the Armenian people to the Armenian Patriarchate, and the Jewish people to the religious leader known as the Chief Rabbi and ruled through them. According to this, the leader of each congregation was obliged to collect the tax that his congregation had to pay, to deliver it to the treasury and to ensure that the members of the congregation comply with the laws set by the state. On the other hand, the state did not interfere with the religious and cultural lives of the communities by leaving them free in their own internal order.
This book, in which we try to deal with Turkish History and Culture in a wide range from about 2500 BC to the beginning of the 20th century, is prepared for both undergraduate students and those who are interested in the subject and want to acquire basic information. . From the origin and first living areas of the Turks to the first state they established in history, from their meeting with Islam to the first Muslim Turkish states, from the Turkish presence in Anatolia to the Ottoman Empire that ruled three continents, the turning points of Turkish history and the state organization and cultural life of these political structures, the expert in the field. You will read from the pen of the teachers…