Environmental Health \ 1-1
Environmental pollution occurs as a result of uncontrolled discharge of waste materials, which are released as a result of human activities and which are not evaluated, to the receiving environment such as air, water and soil, and causes significant changes in the ecological balance of nature. The resulting global environmental problems such as climate change, desertification, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, destruction of the ozone layer endanger the sustainability of the environment, and pose significant threats to the health, survival, food and water resources of humans and other living species.
Maintaining a healthy life is only possible with a healthy environment. For a healthy environment, the natural balance, that is, the protection of the ecosystem, is only possible with the control of environmental pollution.
This book has been prepared in order to give the necessary processes and design principles for the treatment of wastes that cause air, water and soil pollution as a result of production and consumption activities, and solutions of problems and design examples are given for a better understanding of treatment/disposal process designs.
In the first part of the book, environmental problems are briefly introduced; In the second part, as air pollution control processes, the designs of cyclones, wet scrubbers, bag filters and electrostatic filters in the retention of solid particles, physical processes such as filled absorber, adsorption, membrane in the treatment of dangerous substances in flue gases and the processes involving reactions are examined, sulfur dioxide; Examples of the design of control processes for gases that cause important environmental problems such as nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are given.
In the third chapter, water pollution and control processes are discussed and the physical; chemical and biological treatment processes were investigated. In this section, exemplary designs have been made by adsorption, air stripping and water purification with ion exchangers; in chemical treatment processes, precipitation, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, advanced oxidation processes are examined and sample problems are given.
The processes applied in the biological treatment of wastewater are given and the design of the activated sludge treatment system is made.
In the fourth chapter, which deals with soil pollution, physical bioremediation and chemical treatment processes are examined and sample problems are included.
In the last part of the book, solid wastes and their management are examined and re-evaluation of solid wastes; their regular storage; composting; biogas production; burning (incineration); Information about pyrolysis and gasification processes are presented and sample designs are given.
In conclusion, this book has been prepared as a useful resource for undergraduate and graduate students and engineers interested in environmental pollution control.
Maintaining a healthy life is only possible with a healthy environment. For a healthy environment, the natural balance, that is, the protection of the ecosystem, is only possible with the control of environmental pollution.
This book has been prepared in order to give the necessary processes and design principles for the treatment of wastes that cause air, water and soil pollution as a result of production and consumption activities, and solutions of problems and design examples are given for a better understanding of treatment/disposal process designs.
In the first part of the book, environmental problems are briefly introduced; In the second part, as air pollution control processes, the designs of cyclones, wet scrubbers, bag filters and electrostatic filters in the retention of solid particles, physical processes such as filled absorber, adsorption, membrane in the treatment of dangerous substances in flue gases and the processes involving reactions are examined, sulfur dioxide; Examples of the design of control processes for gases that cause important environmental problems such as nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are given.
In the third chapter, water pollution and control processes are discussed and the physical; chemical and biological treatment processes were investigated. In this section, exemplary designs have been made by adsorption, air stripping and water purification with ion exchangers; in chemical treatment processes, precipitation, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, advanced oxidation processes are examined and sample problems are given.
The processes applied in the biological treatment of wastewater are given and the design of the activated sludge treatment system is made.
In the fourth chapter, which deals with soil pollution, physical bioremediation and chemical treatment processes are examined and sample problems are included.
In the last part of the book, solid wastes and their management are examined and re-evaluation of solid wastes; their regular storage; composting; biogas production; burning (incineration); Information about pyrolysis and gasification processes are presented and sample designs are given.
In conclusion, this book has been prepared as a useful resource for undergraduate and graduate students and engineers interested in environmental pollution control.
This book provides readers with a comprehensive resource on the relationship between man and the natural environment and the psychological factors underlying environmental behavior, accompanied by scientific findings and examples from daily life. Each chapter of the book is written in a consistent, fluent and plain language by authors specialized in different disciplines of psychology.
The book not only conveys the issues focusing on human and nature interaction and environmental behavior to the reader from a psychological point of view, but also reveals striking information on environmental behavior, which is directly related to the climate crisis and other ecological problems that affect the world, and offers some solutions. In addition to all these, it also creates awareness in the reader about the effects of nature and environmental regulations on the psychological and physical health of people. In this respect, the book is a resource that can be read with pleasure not only by experts working in the field, but also by anyone interested in psychology and environmental issues.
The book not only conveys the issues focusing on human and nature interaction and environmental behavior to the reader from a psychological point of view, but also reveals striking information on environmental behavior, which is directly related to the climate crisis and other ecological problems that affect the world, and offers some solutions. In addition to all these, it also creates awareness in the reader about the effects of nature and environmental regulations on the psychological and physical health of people. In this respect, the book is a resource that can be read with pleasure not only by experts working in the field, but also by anyone interested in psychology and environmental issues.
Although studies have been carried out for more than a century in the field of "Environmental Psychology", which examines the mutual relationship between man and his natural and built environment, it has been about 60 years that the field emerged as a discipline. While we sometimes exhibit environmentally friendly behaviors in our interaction with the environment, we sometimes exhibit behaviors that harm the environment. In an area where human behavior is so important, we can say that Environmental Psychology is one of the most important disciplines we will apply to understand the behavior of individuals regarding the environment.
In human-environment interaction, we can sometimes see the damage we do to the environment without being a subject matter expert. For example, the closure of people in their homes at the beginning of the Pandemic period, which has made its impact felt all over the world as in our country since 2019, almost caused the revival of nature. We saw flowers bloom on the streets, in the streets, in places with heavy human circulation before. However, with the removal of the restriction, the signs of our going out into nature began to be visible again. We have now added masks and gloves to the objects that we used to throw on the ground (!) before. Formerly “Please do not throw garbage!” next to the warnings “Please do not throw masks!” It looks like the warnings will be added as well. These and similar events, which most of us have witnessed or somehow learned from the press, give clues about the human-nature relationship and also reveal the importance of environmental behavior.
This work named Introduction to Environmental Psychology; It will be an important resource for researchers doing postgraduate research, students taking environmental courses at undergraduate and postgraduate level, and all curious readers and researchers who care about the "environment", which is vital for human beings. We also consider this work as a start and hope that it will be instrumental in other studies that will contribute to the field.
In human-environment interaction, we can sometimes see the damage we do to the environment without being a subject matter expert. For example, the closure of people in their homes at the beginning of the Pandemic period, which has made its impact felt all over the world as in our country since 2019, almost caused the revival of nature. We saw flowers bloom on the streets, in the streets, in places with heavy human circulation before. However, with the removal of the restriction, the signs of our going out into nature began to be visible again. We have now added masks and gloves to the objects that we used to throw on the ground (!) before. Formerly “Please do not throw garbage!” next to the warnings “Please do not throw masks!” It looks like the warnings will be added as well. These and similar events, which most of us have witnessed or somehow learned from the press, give clues about the human-nature relationship and also reveal the importance of environmental behavior.
This work named Introduction to Environmental Psychology; It will be an important resource for researchers doing postgraduate research, students taking environmental courses at undergraduate and postgraduate level, and all curious readers and researchers who care about the "environment", which is vital for human beings. We also consider this work as a start and hope that it will be instrumental in other studies that will contribute to the field.
In this book; the organs and organ systems that make up the human body, how the organism functions in its integrity, and how the functional organization of our body takes place are explained in a simple level.
Firstly; in the structural and functional organization part of the human body, it is explained how the basic elements that exist in nature come together to form first chemical compounds, then cells, tissues, organs, systems and finally the whole of the organism and how they work in harmony by completing each other.
In the next parts of the book, cells, which are the functional unit of the organism, respectively; blood, which has basic functions such as transport, protection and regulation; nervous system with functions such as rapid control, coordination and learning-memory between systems; muscular system that elicits movements; the heart and circulatory system, which ensures that blood circulates throughout the body; the respiratory system that provides oxygen, which is the most basic requirement of life; digestive system, which allows energy sources and metabolic building blocks to enter the body; excretory system that allows the wastes formed in the body to be excreted through urine; the sensory system that ensures harmony with our environment through communication; endocrine system, which provides long-term and permanent coordination between systems; the reproductive system that maintains the species; nutrition, metabolism and thermoregulation events are explained separately in each section with the support of some anatomy knowledge.
Firstly; in the structural and functional organization part of the human body, it is explained how the basic elements that exist in nature come together to form first chemical compounds, then cells, tissues, organs, systems and finally the whole of the organism and how they work in harmony by completing each other.
In the next parts of the book, cells, which are the functional unit of the organism, respectively; blood, which has basic functions such as transport, protection and regulation; nervous system with functions such as rapid control, coordination and learning-memory between systems; muscular system that elicits movements; the heart and circulatory system, which ensures that blood circulates throughout the body; the respiratory system that provides oxygen, which is the most basic requirement of life; digestive system, which allows energy sources and metabolic building blocks to enter the body; excretory system that allows the wastes formed in the body to be excreted through urine; the sensory system that ensures harmony with our environment through communication; endocrine system, which provides long-term and permanent coordination between systems; the reproductive system that maintains the species; nutrition, metabolism and thermoregulation events are explained separately in each section with the support of some anatomy knowledge.
Microbiology has become an important and interesting field for beginners. While learning the content and concepts of basic microbiology, many questions are asked: How do I learn the names of all these microorganisms? What infection does bacteria, virus or fungus cause and which diseases do they cause? How are these diseases treated? In this book, comprehensive information is presented about the information that a student or an academician interested in the field of microbiology is curious about in the field of microbiology. The basic concepts of General and Molecular Microbiology have been tried to be presented in a clear and concise manner that will appeal to students studying in different health fields and academicians interested in microbiology. The topics are written in a plain language, with uncomplicated explanations for difficult concepts. The topics were summarized through tables and figures rather than a long text, and colorful visuals were included for students. In particular, the important points in the reviews were highlighted in the boxes to help the students, and the study questions were prepared to address the relevant aspects of each subject, including clinical cases, and each section was prepared with current developments and information on microbiology. The book starts with a general introduction to microbiology and continues with chapters where general microbiology issues are discussed in detail. All microorganisms are given individually under sections. The sections on bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are neatly arranged. Each chapter is presented in color to excite those interested in microbiology and engage them while teaching new information. The book will also be useful in the laboratory applications of the subjects that form the basis of microbiology in the faculties of science, education faculties, medical faculties and dentistry faculties.
The first edition of our book, of which we have made the 12th edition, was made in 2003 under the title of "General Microbiology". It includes topics such as the morphology, cell structures, development, reproduction, ecology, hereditary changes, classification of microorganisms and consists of 10 chapters. In the 2 (2007), 3 (2011), 4 (2013), 5 (February 2015), 6 (November 2015) editions of the book, tools and equipment used in the microbiology laboratory, aseptic technique, sterilization, microscope types, staining methods, pure culture techniques Laboratory applications such as , media, counting methods are also included. Thus, the book consisting of 24 chapters was named as “General Microbiology and Laboratory Guide”.
In each renewed edition, new sources on the subject were scanned and important information was added. In the 4th edition made in 2013, no significant changes were made in the subject headings except for the additional titles of the structure and functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) and general and current summary information about antibiotics (5.5.). However, in the 5th edition, the subsection on the structure-functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) was taken to the 9th section and the name of this section was changed to "genetics of microorganisms and hereditary change". In the 9th edition, additions were made to the 10th chapter. In the 10th and 11th editions, some grammatical errors were corrected and in the last edition the importance of microbiology was added.
Our aim is to present a book on General Microbiology to the students of the Food Engineering Department of the faculties of Engineering and Agriculture and to the students of other departments studying General Microbiology at Universities. Of course, we will be proud that everyone who is interested in the subject will benefit from our book.
We are happy to be able to make the tenth edition of our book, which is popularly read in the relevant departments of both our universities and vocational schools.
In each renewed edition, new sources on the subject were scanned and important information was added. In the 4th edition made in 2013, no significant changes were made in the subject headings except for the additional titles of the structure and functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) and general and current summary information about antibiotics (5.5.). However, in the 5th edition, the subsection on the structure-functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) was taken to the 9th section and the name of this section was changed to "genetics of microorganisms and hereditary change". In the 9th edition, additions were made to the 10th chapter. In the 10th and 11th editions, some grammatical errors were corrected and in the last edition the importance of microbiology was added.
Our aim is to present a book on General Microbiology to the students of the Food Engineering Department of the faculties of Engineering and Agriculture and to the students of other departments studying General Microbiology at Universities. Of course, we will be proud that everyone who is interested in the subject will benefit from our book.
We are happy to be able to make the tenth edition of our book, which is popularly read in the relevant departments of both our universities and vocational schools.
Extraordinary Circumstances (ODD) cause loss of life and property by creating extraordinary results in daily life if preparation is not made. For this reason, it is vital to be prepared for ODDs both before and after. It is imperative to produce solutions with a multidisciplinary approach to developing and dynamic ODDs. For this reason, a systematic approach is important before, during and after ODDs from a Public Health Specialist perspective. The leading ODDs that remain up to date in Türkiye are refugees and migrants who are victims of floods, earthquakes and wars in our country due to our geographical location. In addition to these, many natural and human-induced ODDs such as landslides, transportation accidents and fires are experienced. There is also an absolute need for adequate knowledge for successful intervention in ODDs. Our insufficient level of theoretical knowledge makes things difficult in the already complex disaster area, and even drags the whole operation into chaos.
The development of medical biology and genetics with each passing day contributes to the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods in medicine. This book is a versatile book in which basic and up-to-date information is compiled in the field of medical biology and genetics and the acquisition of knowledge in this field is comprehensively covered. It also provides a framework for students to understand the field of medical biology and genetics, while providing the basis for establishing a continuing education program in this field.
Medical Biology and Genetics for Health Professionals book; I hope it will be a resource for everyone interested in medicine and biology education and will motivate them to take a stronger step towards science and new ideas...
Medical Biology and Genetics for Health Professionals book; I hope it will be a resource for everyone interested in medicine and biology education and will motivate them to take a stronger step towards science and new ideas...
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Medical biology and genetics is the science of biology that studies the hereditary character that affects human existence and health. This book has been arranged according to the needs of the departments to be used during the conduct of the "Medical Biology and Genetics" course taught in the first years of Health Services programs and faculties. The selected course contents are handled in a general framework and aim to provide students with a basic perspective on the field. The chapters of the book are planned as seven chapters in accordance with this purpose. In the first three chapters, cell biology and metabolism are explained from simple to complex in the light of current literature. In the following three chapters, the structure and organization of hereditary material are explained and detailed information is given about genetic diseases affecting human health. In the last section, cancer genetics and pathogenesis are explained and the pathophysiological process from gene to cell behavior is discussed as a whole.
Students who are new to higher education have difficulty in understanding the main subjects of medical biology and genetics, which consist of abstract data. For this reason, the topics in the book are explained in an understandable language as well as being embodied with detailed drawings. Although the topics are explained briefly and concisely, they are supported by the current literature.
Medical biology and genetics is the science of biology that studies the hereditary character that affects human existence and health. This book has been arranged according to the needs of the departments to be used during the conduct of the "Medical Biology and Genetics" course taught in the first years of Health Services programs and faculties. The selected course contents are handled in a general framework and aim to provide students with a basic perspective on the field. The chapters of the book are planned as seven chapters in accordance with this purpose. In the first three chapters, cell biology and metabolism are explained from simple to complex in the light of current literature. In the following three chapters, the structure and organization of hereditary material are explained and detailed information is given about genetic diseases affecting human health. In the last section, cancer genetics and pathogenesis are explained and the pathophysiological process from gene to cell behavior is discussed as a whole.
Students who are new to higher education have difficulty in understanding the main subjects of medical biology and genetics, which consist of abstract data. For this reason, the topics in the book are explained in an understandable language as well as being embodied with detailed drawings. Although the topics are explained briefly and concisely, they are supported by the current literature.
In recent years, our knowledge has increased within the scope of research on the molecular basis of diseases. With the use of increasing knowledge in both medical biology and medical genetics, diseases caused by cellular and chromosomal changes, which have a genetic basis, are tried to be understood on the one hand and treated on the other. Written from this point of view, this book covers all topics from the beginning of life to cell death mechanisms under the main title of "Medical Biology". Under the main title of “Genetics”, it provides an integrity starting from the structure of DNA and RNA, including the features of the genetic code, mutations and inheritance patterns. The difference of our book from its counterparts written so far is that the second part includes molecular genetics applications and practical applications step by step. There are six chapters in the "Application" part of the book, in which medical biology and genetics are covered in fourteen chapters. This book, which has been prepared in accordance with the curriculum of the relevant boards of medical faculties, is a textbook that can be used in the relevant departments of health sciences faculties, dentistry faculties and health schools. This book, which has been prepared as a result of intense effort by following up-to-date data in a period of about two years, is a resource that undergraduate, graduate students and all academics can benefit from.
The fact that the epidemic that occurred anywhere in the globalizing world was on the agenda of other countries in a short time has made medical microbiology more important as well as many disciplines. In this sense, microbiology education with its theoretical and practical applications has become even more important and necessary in training professional technical personnel for the field. The book is planned as a laboratory guide that provides up-to-date practical information without going into any detail to Health Services Vocational Schools Medical Laboratory Technician students and educators, medical school students, medical microbiology graduate-doctorate and medical specialty students, and moreover, to everyone related to medical microbiology.