Environmental and Earth Sciences Engineering \ 1-1
Nusret Şekerdağ The processes applied in the treatment of wastewater are constantly evolving and changing. In addition, the disposal of treatment sludge formed in treatment plants is of particular importance.
Domestic wastewater from the final collector of the city sewerage network must be treated before being discharged to the receiving environment. For this purpose, mechanical, biological and chemical methods are used in the treatment of wastewater. Applications of these methods are given in this book.
Screens, grit traps, oil traps and pre-settlement pools in mechanical treatment, in biological treatment; Calculations have been made for many different alternatives such as activated sludge aeration ponds, trickling filters, rotating biodiscs, membrane bioreactors, stabilization and mechanically aerated ponds, and many sample problems have been solved at the end of each chapter.
In sludge disposal, many alternative applied problems have been made with the aim of dewatering the sludge.
At the end of the book, an applied project is designed and calculations are given for different units one by one.
In addition, the hydraulic calculations of the treatment plant were made in detail and the hydraulic profile of the treatment plant was drawn.
Finally, hydraulic calculations of the sewage sludge pipes were made and the sludge hydraulic profile was given.
Ferhan Sami Atalay Environmental pollution occurs as a result of uncontrolled discharge of waste materials, which are released as a result of human activities and which are not evaluated, to the receiving environment such as air, water and soil, and causes significant changes in the ecological balance of nature. The resulting global environmental problems such as climate change, desertification, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, destruction of the ozone layer endanger the sustainability of the environment, and pose significant threats to the health, survival, food and water resources of humans and other living species.
Maintaining a healthy life is only possible with a healthy environment. For a healthy environment, the natural balance, that is, the protection of the ecosystem, is only possible with the control of environmental pollution.
This book has been prepared in order to give the necessary processes and design principles for the treatment of wastes that cause air, water and soil pollution as a result of production and consumption activities, and solutions of problems and design examples are given for a better understanding of treatment/disposal process designs.
In the first part of the book, environmental problems are briefly introduced; In the second part, as air pollution control processes, the designs of cyclones, wet scrubbers, bag filters and electrostatic filters in the retention of solid particles, physical processes such as filled absorber, adsorption, membrane in the treatment of dangerous substances in flue gases and the processes involving reactions are examined, sulfur dioxide; Examples of the design of control processes for gases that cause important environmental problems such as nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are given.
In the third chapter, water pollution and control processes are discussed and the physical; chemical and biological treatment processes were investigated. In this section, exemplary designs have been made by adsorption, air stripping and water purification with ion exchangers; in chemical treatment processes, precipitation, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, advanced oxidation processes are examined and sample problems are given.
The processes applied in the biological treatment of wastewater are given and the design of the activated sludge treatment system is made.
In the fourth chapter, which deals with soil pollution, physical bioremediation and chemical treatment processes are examined and sample problems are included.
In the last part of the book, solid wastes and their management are examined and re-evaluation of solid wastes; their regular storage; composting; biogas production; burning (incineration); Information about pyrolysis and gasification processes are presented and sample designs are given.
In conclusion, this book has been prepared as a useful resource for undergraduate and graduate students and engineers interested in environmental pollution control.
Can Çalıcı, Cihat Yaşaroğlu, Erkin Sarı, Ferhat Arı, Gülten Ünal, Hilal Peker, Hüccet Vural, M. Fatih Bükün, Mert Aytaç, Musa Bozkurt, Ömer Çamur, Sebur Kapu, Üzeyir Kement Although studies have been carried out for more than a century in the field of "Environmental Psychology", which examines the mutual relationship between man and his natural and built environment, it has been about 60 years that the field emerged as a discipline. While we sometimes exhibit environmentally friendly behaviors in our interaction with the environment, we sometimes exhibit behaviors that harm the environment. In an area where human behavior is so important, we can say that Environmental Psychology is one of the most important disciplines we will apply to understand the behavior of individuals regarding the environment.
In human-environment interaction, we can sometimes see the damage we do to the environment without being a subject matter expert. For example, the closure of people in their homes at the beginning of the Pandemic period, which has made its impact felt all over the world as in our country since 2019, almost caused the revival of nature. We saw flowers bloom on the streets, in the streets, in places with heavy human circulation before. However, with the removal of the restriction, the signs of our going out into nature began to be visible again. We have now added masks and gloves to the objects that we used to throw on the ground (!) before. Formerly “Please do not throw garbage!” next to the warnings “Please do not throw masks!” It looks like the warnings will be added as well. These and similar events, which most of us have witnessed or somehow learned from the press, give clues about the human-nature relationship and also reveal the importance of environmental behavior.
This work named Introduction to Environmental Psychology; It will be an important resource for researchers doing postgraduate research, students taking environmental courses at undergraduate and postgraduate level, and all curious readers and researchers who care about the "environment", which is vital for human beings. We also consider this work as a start and hope that it will be instrumental in other studies that will contribute to the field.
İbrahim Gürer, Ali Günyaktı Hydrology; examines the cycle, distribution and properties of water on Earth. In this period, when climate change scenarios are interpreted more frequently and more carefully, engineers who will be involved in the planning and preparation of projects necessary for the development of water resources and their use for different purposes, need to better recognize the country's water resource, which is a vital value, and use it very carefully.
Despite being located in the most tense region of the world in terms of regional distribution of water resources, Turkey's current water capacity, which is still touted as a water-rich country, needs to be updated rapidly in terms of quantity and quality. Today's problem, in which the temperature tends to increase as well as the decrease in precipitation, is defined as "Global Climate Change". In particular, it is still debated how much of the average annual precipitation goes into useful flow and how much of it feeds groundwater resources. In addition to the technical accuracy of the designed water structures, the effective evaluation of hydrological data, the correct interpretation of possible climate changes in the future is essential.
It is aimed that engineering students have sufficient and correct knowledge about water. In the book, the main topics of engineering hydrology and the solved problems integrated with the topics are given. In addition, problems that can be given as homework are also added.
“References” and “Index” consist of both historical and current information sources. It has been prepared to provide a starting point for those who want to access more detailed information.
The authors, who were engineers of the period when meeting the agricultural product needs of the society with the country's own water and soil resources was the main strategy, believed that according to the changing environmental and eco-hydrology conditions in recent years, not only humans but also other living creatures of nature should be granted the right to live, they were more sensitive to the environment and ecological balance. young colleagues are happy to see him grow.
Abdurrahman Aksoy, Ayhan Filazi, Begüm Yurdakök-Dikmen, Sinan İnce, Yavuz Kürşad Daş Veterinary toxicology is a discipline that is considered within the scope of "single health" and deals with the issue of whether chemical substances that can be found in animal products can harm the health of people in contact with them, as well as poisons that affect animals for their economic pursuit or satisfaction. It is an inevitable fact that events such as climate change, which occur as a result of the damage caused by humans to nature, will affect animals in a significant way. All over the world, animals and humans have to live in a more polluted environment today than in the past, and no one can guarantee a better environment in the future. Most of the toxicological problems are global, but only a few are regional or local, and unfortunately most of these common poisons do not have an antidote. Therefore, facing the new challenges of the 21st century is the most important task of toxicologists. In their subject matter, farm animals are often complicated by the fact that the responses of our lovable animal companions, aquatic and wild animals to poisons are quite broad and vastly different. Likewise, the toxicity of a chemical varies depending on the environment of the animal and many other factors. Thus, in the work, there is information about the poisons that cause poisoning in animals, their sources, their way of entry into the body, their distribution, metabolism, excretion, their effects on animals, diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment approaches, as well as the substances that cause environmental pollution and how to be protected from them.