Civil and Survey Engineering \ 1-1
The processes applied in the treatment of wastewater are constantly evolving and changing. In addition, the disposal of treatment sludge formed in treatment plants is of particular importance.
Domestic wastewater from the final collector of the city sewerage network must be treated before being discharged to the receiving environment. For this purpose, mechanical, biological and chemical methods are used in the treatment of wastewater. Applications of these methods are given in this book.
Screens, grit traps, oil traps and pre-settlement pools in mechanical treatment, in biological treatment; Calculations have been made for many different alternatives such as activated sludge aeration ponds, trickling filters, rotating biodiscs, membrane bioreactors, stabilization and mechanically aerated ponds, and many sample problems have been solved at the end of each chapter.
In sludge disposal, many alternative applied problems have been made with the aim of dewatering the sludge.
At the end of the book, an applied project is designed and calculations are given for different units one by one.
In addition, the hydraulic calculations of the treatment plant were made in detail and the hydraulic profile of the treatment plant was drawn.
Finally, hydraulic calculations of the sewage sludge pipes were made and the sludge hydraulic profile was given.
Domestic wastewater from the final collector of the city sewerage network must be treated before being discharged to the receiving environment. For this purpose, mechanical, biological and chemical methods are used in the treatment of wastewater. Applications of these methods are given in this book.
Screens, grit traps, oil traps and pre-settlement pools in mechanical treatment, in biological treatment; Calculations have been made for many different alternatives such as activated sludge aeration ponds, trickling filters, rotating biodiscs, membrane bioreactors, stabilization and mechanically aerated ponds, and many sample problems have been solved at the end of each chapter.
In sludge disposal, many alternative applied problems have been made with the aim of dewatering the sludge.
At the end of the book, an applied project is designed and calculations are given for different units one by one.
In addition, the hydraulic calculations of the treatment plant were made in detail and the hydraulic profile of the treatment plant was drawn.
Finally, hydraulic calculations of the sewage sludge pipes were made and the sludge hydraulic profile was given.
In recent years, two new regulations regarding the design of steel structures, connections and structural elements have entered into force in our country: 1) Regulation on Design, Calculation and Construction Principles of Steel Structures - ÇYTHYEY, (2016); 2) Turkey Building Earthquake Code, TBDY : Chapter 9 – Special Rules for the Design of Steel Building Structural Systems Under the Impact of Earthquakes (2019). Among these regulations, ÇYTHYEY proposes a force-based evaluation and two design approaches (Design with Load and Strength Factors and Design with Safety Factors) in the design of steel structural elements and combinations. TBDY: In Chapter 9, there are principles of earthquake resistant steel structure design, in which significant changes were made after the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake.
With the entry into force of these regulations, the need for two types of resources regarding steel structure design has increased in our country: a) Examples of how the principles and design criteria in the regulations emerged and how they will be applied; b) Design tables and charts to assist engineers in practice. This handbook has been prepared to meet the second type of resource need. These design tables and charts, similarly prepared by the American Institute of Steel Construction, have been prepared in this handbook as design tables for European profiles that are widely used in our country.
The design tables in this handbook have been prepared for different steel grades in accordance with the Design with Load and Strength Factors (YDKT) approach, and the sections are organized as follows:
cross-sectional features,
Ductility and compactness requirements,
Design of elements under bending and shear effect,
Design of elements under axial compression and tension,
Design of elements in compound bending effect.
It is thought that the tables in the book can be easily used by civil engineers in the design of steel structural elements, in the undergraduate and graduate level Steel Structures courses in the Civil Engineering and Architecture Departments, in project and homework studies.
In this first volume of the handbook, a limited number of tables of I-profiles have been created. In the second volume, which is being prepared, it is planned to prepare design tables for different profiles and cross-sections.
With the entry into force of these regulations, the need for two types of resources regarding steel structure design has increased in our country: a) Examples of how the principles and design criteria in the regulations emerged and how they will be applied; b) Design tables and charts to assist engineers in practice. This handbook has been prepared to meet the second type of resource need. These design tables and charts, similarly prepared by the American Institute of Steel Construction, have been prepared in this handbook as design tables for European profiles that are widely used in our country.
The design tables in this handbook have been prepared for different steel grades in accordance with the Design with Load and Strength Factors (YDKT) approach, and the sections are organized as follows:
cross-sectional features,
Ductility and compactness requirements,
Design of elements under bending and shear effect,
Design of elements under axial compression and tension,
Design of elements in compound bending effect.
It is thought that the tables in the book can be easily used by civil engineers in the design of steel structural elements, in the undergraduate and graduate level Steel Structures courses in the Civil Engineering and Architecture Departments, in project and homework studies.
In this first volume of the handbook, a limited number of tables of I-profiles have been created. In the second volume, which is being prepared, it is planned to prepare design tables for different profiles and cross-sections.
This book has been prepared for Mechanical Engineering undergraduate students to use in their "Mechanical Installation" courses. It also has content that can help mechanical engineers in "Mechanical Installation" applications.
In the book; Information is given in the branches of heating, cooling, ventilation and air conditioning systems of the mechanical installation, and how to make the calculations in the related installation projects is explained with examples.
The book has been designed as a textbook for a one-semester course and has been prepared assuming that students have knowledge in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
In the book; Information is given in the branches of heating, cooling, ventilation and air conditioning systems of the mechanical installation, and how to make the calculations in the related installation projects is explained with examples.
The book has been designed as a textbook for a one-semester course and has been prepared assuming that students have knowledge in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
Many problems in today's cities; It is associated with poverty, inequality, pollution, unemployment, difficulties in accessing work, goods and services, low social cohesion, and poor quality of housing and other areas. On the other hand, city planning also has an impact on the social, economic and physical environments and the way cities operate.
In our country, there are more than 200 laws, statutes and regulations that directly or indirectly concern development activities. Therefore, more than 20 organizations at the national and regional level have authority as the implementer and supervisor of so many legislations. Here is one of the main reasons why an effective planning and implementation cannot be done in our country; It is the problem of institutionalization, coordination and lack of effective supervision caused by the structure of the existing planning system between the planning and implementation levels.
In this work; In parallel with the urbanization policies in our country, the necessary planning, implementation and legal bases have been tried to be given in order to produce the housing and residential environment of sufficient quality that the population needs.
In our country, there are more than 200 laws, statutes and regulations that directly or indirectly concern development activities. Therefore, more than 20 organizations at the national and regional level have authority as the implementer and supervisor of so many legislations. Here is one of the main reasons why an effective planning and implementation cannot be done in our country; It is the problem of institutionalization, coordination and lack of effective supervision caused by the structure of the existing planning system between the planning and implementation levels.
In this work; In parallel with the urbanization policies in our country, the necessary planning, implementation and legal bases have been tried to be given in order to produce the housing and residential environment of sufficient quality that the population needs.
Engineering, a word derived from the combination of the Latin words ingenium and ingeniare and meaning "to design something clever", is an economical way to design and build structures, machines, devices, hardware and software systems, materials and related processes that make people's lives easier, improve their quality of life and safety. It is the art, discipline and profession of synthesizing social and environmental knowledge with mathematical and scientific methods and putting them into practice.
Civil engineering design and applications, which also means civilization engineering, are as old as human history. In the past, structures were built for shelter, nutrition, protection from predators and environmental influences. Today, civil engineers have an important role in making low-cost, effective, reliable and functional structures by combining safety, economy and functionality parameters at an optimum level according to different criteria.
This book is both a good textbook and a useful resource by examining the basic calculation methods within the scope of civil engineering and the most up-to-date and innovative construction techniques. The important, up-to-date and key information in the content of the book will be a good start for civil engineer candidates in expressing their work in the near future in more technical ways and gaining a solid self-confidence in the context of engineering.
Civil engineering design and applications, which also means civilization engineering, are as old as human history. In the past, structures were built for shelter, nutrition, protection from predators and environmental influences. Today, civil engineers have an important role in making low-cost, effective, reliable and functional structures by combining safety, economy and functionality parameters at an optimum level according to different criteria.
This book is both a good textbook and a useful resource by examining the basic calculation methods within the scope of civil engineering and the most up-to-date and innovative construction techniques. The important, up-to-date and key information in the content of the book will be a good start for civil engineer candidates in expressing their work in the near future in more technical ways and gaining a solid self-confidence in the context of engineering.
Finite Element Method (SEM); bar, cable, membrane, plate, shell and solid structural systems are explained through applied examination examples. The author's education, training and analysis software for each chapter can be accessed from the QR code. The main dependencies of the SEM are given mainly on the basis of the Lagrangian variation principle, and the establishment of the stiffness matrices is done by the direct stiffnesses method. Analysis features with Boundary Value Method (SDM), SEM-SDM connection are given, and symbolic software is presented for the details of setting up stiffness matrices. Modern interactive methods have been applied to digitize systems with finite elements. The detailed details of the entire sequence and software implementation of the SEM investigation are presented with various examples. Book; students, designers, researchers and professionals in earthquake engineering.
This work is a study that examines the topics of the Static course taught in the Engineering Faculties of our Universities in detail and has a integrity within itself. The topics in the book are given in a way that all students new to the University can easily understand.
All the figures in the book have been drawn in colour, in three dimensions and to scale so that the readers can better understand the subjects studied and follow them with interest. Each subject has been given with all the details, and the solved problems related to the subject have been explained in detail. After giving the solved problems related to each subject, a sufficient number of problems to be solved were added at the end of the subject together with the answers.
All the figures in the book have been drawn in colour, in three dimensions and to scale so that the readers can better understand the subjects studied and follow them with interest. Each subject has been given with all the details, and the solved problems related to the subject have been explained in detail. After giving the solved problems related to each subject, a sufficient number of problems to be solved were added at the end of the subject together with the answers.
Surveying involves determining the position of natural and man-made features on or beneath the Earth's surface and utilizing these features in the planning, design and construction of works by producing maps. This book covers all the basic principles and practice of this complex subject and give readers a clear understanding of fundamentals such as horizontal and vertical measurements, distance, angles, measurement controls, errors, related calculations and position right through to the most modern technologies, such as photogrammetry and laser scanning. With many worked examples and colorful illustrations of tools and techniques, this book is essential reading for students and professionals alike involved in surveying, civil and mining engineering, as well…
In our country, maps in different scales are produced for different purposes. These maps are used by different professionals in all kinds of projects and applications based on the earth. Technical staff outside the map industry should know and be able to apply the subject and simple measurement techniques in order to be able to carry out the technical principles and application projects related to the production of these maps they use. This work has been prepared in such a way that it can be a reference source for the problems related to topography of technical staff working in sectors such as construction, architecture, city and regional planning, geology, mining, environment and agriculture, especially outside the mapping sector. In addition, the main issues of the map-cadastre sector related to topographic measurements are also included in the work.
Hydrology; examines the cycle, distribution and properties of water on Earth. In this period, when climate change scenarios are interpreted more frequently and more carefully, engineers who will be involved in the planning and preparation of projects necessary for the development of water resources and their use for different purposes, need to better recognize the country's water resource, which is a vital value, and use it very carefully.
Despite being located in the most tense region of the world in terms of regional distribution of water resources, Turkey's current water capacity, which is still touted as a water-rich country, needs to be updated rapidly in terms of quantity and quality. Today's problem, in which the temperature tends to increase as well as the decrease in precipitation, is defined as "Global Climate Change". In particular, it is still debated how much of the average annual precipitation goes into useful flow and how much of it feeds groundwater resources. In addition to the technical accuracy of the designed water structures, the effective evaluation of hydrological data, the correct interpretation of possible climate changes in the future is essential.
It is aimed that engineering students have sufficient and correct knowledge about water. In the book, the main topics of engineering hydrology and the solved problems integrated with the topics are given. In addition, problems that can be given as homework are also added.
“References” and “Index” consist of both historical and current information sources. It has been prepared to provide a starting point for those who want to access more detailed information.
The authors, who were engineers of the period when meeting the agricultural product needs of the society with the country's own water and soil resources was the main strategy, believed that according to the changing environmental and eco-hydrology conditions in recent years, not only humans but also other living creatures of nature should be granted the right to live, they were more sensitive to the environment and ecological balance. young colleagues are happy to see him grow.
Despite being located in the most tense region of the world in terms of regional distribution of water resources, Turkey's current water capacity, which is still touted as a water-rich country, needs to be updated rapidly in terms of quantity and quality. Today's problem, in which the temperature tends to increase as well as the decrease in precipitation, is defined as "Global Climate Change". In particular, it is still debated how much of the average annual precipitation goes into useful flow and how much of it feeds groundwater resources. In addition to the technical accuracy of the designed water structures, the effective evaluation of hydrological data, the correct interpretation of possible climate changes in the future is essential.
It is aimed that engineering students have sufficient and correct knowledge about water. In the book, the main topics of engineering hydrology and the solved problems integrated with the topics are given. In addition, problems that can be given as homework are also added.
“References” and “Index” consist of both historical and current information sources. It has been prepared to provide a starting point for those who want to access more detailed information.
The authors, who were engineers of the period when meeting the agricultural product needs of the society with the country's own water and soil resources was the main strategy, believed that according to the changing environmental and eco-hydrology conditions in recent years, not only humans but also other living creatures of nature should be granted the right to live, they were more sensitive to the environment and ecological balance. young colleagues are happy to see him grow.
Fire is a natural disaster that has an impact on buildings as serious as an earthquake. Fire engineering is a branch of research that combines fire science, heat transfer, materials science and civil engineering. The mechanical behavior of structures at high temperatures caused by fire is different from traditional building static calculations and the purpose of fire engineering is to reduce the destructive effects of a possible fire on the structure. There are almost no studies in the literature on fire engineering in Türkiye. Today, the importance of fire engineering and the need for well-equipped fire engineers are increasing, and the theoretical information in this book will be an important resource for civil engineers and architects who want to specialize in fire engineering. The calculation methods in the book require undergraduate level knowledge of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, as well as mechanics and statics.
In the book, important basic issues of "Structural Dynamics", which can be included in the seminar topics of universities for undergraduate and graduate students, are discussed. Earthquake engineering is given in the light of the regulations in force, and new additions and changes in the regulation that are expected to come into force are also mentioned. Education and training analysis software for each department can be accessed from the QR code. Examples of earthquake effects on structures and all stages of structure design (pre-sizing, matching of mass and stiffness centers, ensuring optimal collapse performance by creating the maximum number of plastic hinges in thrust analysis, structural buckling effect, etc.) and software that performs these stages are presented. Book; students, designers, researchers and professionals in earthquake engineering.
Civil Engineering and Architecture Departments of Engineering and Architecture Faculties of Universities; In this Construction Materials book, which was prepared by taking into account the new standards and regulations and new references in order to explain the materials used in the buildings, the concrete information was mainly focused on. Apart from Concrete, Engineering Metals and Alloys, Ceramics and Glass, Polymers, Bituminous Materials and Wood are other topics covered.
The Building Materials book consists of twenty chapters in total. Historical development of building materials, binders and basic information of concrete technology, cements, aggregates, mixing water, chemical and mineral additives, concrete mixture calculations, production, casting and maintenance of concrete, fresh and hardened concrete properties, hot and cold air concrete casting, quality control of concrete and ready mixed concrete are given. While explaining the subjects, special situations that can be encountered in concrete and building materials laboratories and related experiments are tried to be explained in detail. In the seventeenth chapter, wooden structures and their properties are given. In the eighteenth chapter, the subject of Metals, in which information about metals used in structures and reinforced concrete steels is given, is explained. Polymers are in the nineteenth chapter and Ceramics and Glasses are in the twentieth chapter. At the end of all chapter titles, questions about the subject were prepared. Again, in the last part, a list of TS and ASTM standards related to concrete, which changes quite frequently and is newly implemented, is given. Further information can be obtained from the published sources, usually from studies and published at the end of the book.
The Building Materials book consists of twenty chapters in total. Historical development of building materials, binders and basic information of concrete technology, cements, aggregates, mixing water, chemical and mineral additives, concrete mixture calculations, production, casting and maintenance of concrete, fresh and hardened concrete properties, hot and cold air concrete casting, quality control of concrete and ready mixed concrete are given. While explaining the subjects, special situations that can be encountered in concrete and building materials laboratories and related experiments are tried to be explained in detail. In the seventeenth chapter, wooden structures and their properties are given. In the eighteenth chapter, the subject of Metals, in which information about metals used in structures and reinforced concrete steels is given, is explained. Polymers are in the nineteenth chapter and Ceramics and Glasses are in the twentieth chapter. At the end of all chapter titles, questions about the subject were prepared. Again, in the last part, a list of TS and ASTM standards related to concrete, which changes quite frequently and is newly implemented, is given. Further information can be obtained from the published sources, usually from studies and published at the end of the book.
The book covers classical inspection methods of isostatic and hyperstatic rod systems. Force, displacement and mixed methods are appropriately given on the basis of Castigliano, Lagrange, Reissner principles and various and numerous applications are presented. The author's software written on the basis of Finite Element Method and sample solutions of sequential bar systems are included and all can be accessed via QR code. With the related software, it is possible for students to control the systems that they solve with classical methods at the same time.
The construction of the facilities, which have been built to meet the needs of living things from the existence of humanity to the present, will continue until the day when humanity will disappear. At every stage of this construction process, there will be the issue of producing buildings of certain standards and quality.
In order to produce buildings with the standards and quality that are felt today, the necessary technical staff should be trained in the relevant departments of the universities and sufficient technical education should be given to them. In our country, the works used in the provision of this education include subjects from very different and different fields in the whole of academic studies; It eliminates the opportunity for students to find the information they need in a single book. The work in your hand has been prepared on the basis of the lack of compact source books needed in this field.
In this context, the book is in accordance with the curriculum of the building and architectural knowledge courses of the Civil Engineering departments, in addition to the Building Technology I and II course curricula taught in the Construction Programs of Vocational Schools. In addition, the book is a work that can provide technical-formal guidance to the technical staff dealing with construction work in the market during the production of buildings.
In order to produce buildings with the standards and quality that are felt today, the necessary technical staff should be trained in the relevant departments of the universities and sufficient technical education should be given to them. In our country, the works used in the provision of this education include subjects from very different and different fields in the whole of academic studies; It eliminates the opportunity for students to find the information they need in a single book. The work in your hand has been prepared on the basis of the lack of compact source books needed in this field.
In this context, the book is in accordance with the curriculum of the building and architectural knowledge courses of the Civil Engineering departments, in addition to the Building Technology I and II course curricula taught in the Construction Programs of Vocational Schools. In addition, the book is a work that can provide technical-formal guidance to the technical staff dealing with construction work in the market during the production of buildings.
The emergence of the idea of building in history, along with mental and social developments, has become indispensable for people in meeting needs such as construction, shelter, drinking water, energy and transportation. Effective methods and forms of management applied according to the conditions of the day are of great importance on the basis of the successful presentation of the structures that have been implemented from the past to the present. With the development of modern techniques and technologies, the success of construction projects, which have turned into a complex process today, depends on effective project management.
We see that the literature on the "Construction Management" department, which was born quite late compared to other disciplines and only budded in the second half of the 20th century, is quite limited and fragmentary in our country. We believe that our book, which comprehensively covers the basic management concepts, principles and practices that contribute to the success of construction projects, and is supported by the latest developments and current examples in the field of construction management, will fill the gap in this field and will be a useful resource for all construction professionals, especially civil engineering students.
We see that the literature on the "Construction Management" department, which was born quite late compared to other disciplines and only budded in the second half of the 20th century, is quite limited and fragmentary in our country. We believe that our book, which comprehensively covers the basic management concepts, principles and practices that contribute to the success of construction projects, and is supported by the latest developments and current examples in the field of construction management, will fill the gap in this field and will be a useful resource for all construction professionals, especially civil engineering students.
Soil mechanics and foundation engineering have traditionally studied the behavior of soils and foundations under static loads. On the other hand, soil dynamics can be affected by earthquakes, wind, heavy traffic, machines that produce harmonic or pulsed movements, construction activities such as pile manufacturing, soil improvement, explosions in mines, etc. It deals with the behavior of soils and foundations under dynamic loads caused by Improvements in soil dynamics intensified especially after the 1964 Niigata Earthquake, and engineers tried to better understand the behavior of soils under such loads in order to create safer design methods.
This book has been prepared with the aim of guiding students, engineers and colleagues who want to learn about the subject of soil dynamics, starting from the basic concepts, the behavior of soils under dynamic loads is tried to be presented in a general framework, and the subjects are introduced to engineers who want to learn more. has been studied.
This book has been prepared with the aim of guiding students, engineers and colleagues who want to learn about the subject of soil dynamics, starting from the basic concepts, the behavior of soils under dynamic loads is tried to be presented in a general framework, and the subjects are introduced to engineers who want to learn more. has been studied.
The relationship between soil, earthquake and constructions (static and dynamic loads) is an interactive relationship. On the one hand, earthquake waves and constructions change the strength properties of soils (for example, decrease in bearing capacity, slope failures, settlements, etc.), on the other hand, soils can cause damage to constructions by changing the amplitude and frequency characteristics of earthquake waves (amplifying). Although “floors” is the youngest and smallest unit of the world, it has a great importance in terms of its relationship with our cities and constructions and its effects on our lives. Urban planning stands out as an important study in expanding urban areas as a result of population growth. In order to improve the general welfare and quality of life of the society, it is necessary to achieve a balance between human settlements and the components/dynamics of the earth, whether at the macro or micro level. “Soil investigations” to be carried out both within the scope of large-scale urban planning applications and in the context of small-scale structural engineering are one of the important stages in establishing this balance. All studies in this direction have to be multidisciplinary in character by optimizing various human needs in harmony with the natural environment. This work has two main target audiences of equal value: the first is geophysical engineers with an interest in geotechnical, and the second is civil (geotechnical) engineers with an interest in geophysics. If engineers working in both fields know the limits of their "authorities and responsibilities", there are endless benefits in broadening the horizons of their "knowledge". In this context, besides the usefulness of this work for our colleagues who are geophysical engineers and civil (geotechnical) engineers, geological engineers working in the field of engineering geology, mining engineers working in rock mechanics and/or gallery-tunnel construction projects, and environmental engineer colleagues who are interested in environmental geotechnics/geophysics. We think that it will also be beneficial for urban planners/architects who are interested in microzonation studies within the scope of urban planning/transformation/renewal projects.
The book was revised due to its second edition, and some new additions were made to some sections. In addition, two topics that were not in the first edition were added. These; “Turkey Building Earthquake Code (2018): Principles for Design Under the Impact of Earthquake” and “Investigations on Contaminated Soils: Environmental Geotechnics and Geophysics”.
The book was revised due to its second edition, and some new additions were made to some sections. In addition, two topics that were not in the first edition were added. These; “Turkey Building Earthquake Code (2018): Principles for Design Under the Impact of Earthquake” and “Investigations on Contaminated Soils: Environmental Geotechnics and Geophysics”.