Biology Teaching \ 1-1
This book has been prepared with the aim of helping students better understand the Anatomy and Physiology or Human Biology course and to provide a resource for students. While creating the book, care was taken to ensure that the information was short and sufficient. Information about common diseases related to each system is also given. Information in the book; supported by numerous figures, photographs and tables.
This work; It has been prepared at a level that can be useful to students of the Biology Department of the Faculty of Science, Arts and Sciences, as well as to students of other faculties or colleges who take the Anatomy and Physiology course.
This work; It has been prepared at a level that can be useful to students of the Biology Department of the Faculty of Science, Arts and Sciences, as well as to students of other faculties or colleges who take the Anatomy and Physiology course.
Fish Biology Research Methods book, written by experts in the subject; Fish systematics, reproduction in fish, age determination in fish, metabolic measurement methods in fish, respiratory biochemistry in fish, stomach content analysis in fish, stress in fish, histological techniques in fish, fish hematology and hematological methods, growth and growth analysis in fish. The study is a source of reference for academics working on fish in our country and students studying on this subject.
In this book, nutritional information is explained along with its physiological and biochemical principles. First, the structure of the nutrients that give energy is given, then their digestion and absorption and how they give energy are revealed. Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, and nutrition for children, young people, old people and athletes are discussed separately. In fact, vegetarian / vegan nutrition, which has become more widespread today, is also included. In addition, information about nutritional disorders, diseases, food allergies and food poisoning is given. Although it is not included in classical nutrition books, alcohol, which gives energy and even high energy, is also explained in all its aspects.
The book "Plant (Angiosperm) Embryology" has been prepared by taking into consideration the Plant Embryology course taught in the Biology departments of universities. It is the only Turkish book published on this subject. It is aimed to be easy to understand by writing in a simple language and putting plenty of drawings and photographs on the subject. It is hoped that those who do research on the subject can also benefit, as it includes both classical and recent developments.
Adequate nutrition of humans and animals and the supply of raw materials required for basic industry are possible with qualified as well as abundant plant production. For this reason, it is possible to understand all the events that take place in the plant, from the germination of the seed to the vegetative development and the formation of the generative organs, with a good knowledge of the plant physiology. Although it is included in Basic Sciences, plant physiology; It is undeniably important for field, vineyard and garden plants and flower producers as well as for those working in agriculture and forestry.
The Plant Physiology book consists of fifteen main chapters. In the first part, the Structure of Plant Cells and in the second part, Enzymes and their Functions are examined in detail. Water-Cell Relationships, Water Uptake and Transport, and Water Loss are explained in the following three main sections. Plant Nutrient Elements and Uptake and Transport of Nutrient Elements are presented in Chapters 6 and 7, based on the latest research findings. Photosynthesis, Nitrogen and Sulfur Extractions, Transport of Photosynthetic Products and Respiration are explained in detail in the following chapters 8, 9, 10 and 11. Growth, Growth Movements and Plant Hormones and Their Functions are presented in Chapters 12, 13 and 14. The meaning and importance of stress in plants and different types of stress are explained in Chapter 15, entitled Stress Physiology.
The Plant Physiology book consists of fifteen main chapters. In the first part, the Structure of Plant Cells and in the second part, Enzymes and their Functions are examined in detail. Water-Cell Relationships, Water Uptake and Transport, and Water Loss are explained in the following three main sections. Plant Nutrient Elements and Uptake and Transport of Nutrient Elements are presented in Chapters 6 and 7, based on the latest research findings. Photosynthesis, Nitrogen and Sulfur Extractions, Transport of Photosynthetic Products and Respiration are explained in detail in the following chapters 8, 9, 10 and 11. Growth, Growth Movements and Plant Hormones and Their Functions are presented in Chapters 12, 13 and 14. The meaning and importance of stress in plants and different types of stress are explained in Chapter 15, entitled Stress Physiology.
In this work, which was prepared as a textbook, up-to-date information on the field of "Biochemistry" is included, as well as classical information. The chapters of our multi-authored book have been discussed in detail by the authors.
The book is a reference resource that can be used by those who are involved in educational activities related to "Biochemistry". Since "biochemistry" is the basis of many fields of science, it has a feature that people in other fields of science can easily benefit from.
The book is a reference resource that can be used by those who are involved in educational activities related to "Biochemistry". Since "biochemistry" is the basis of many fields of science, it has a feature that people in other fields of science can easily benefit from.
In the book, first, seed, cutting and grafting and plant propagation methods are given briefly, then water and sand cultures and embryo, meristem, callus, anther, ovary, cell and protoplast cultures based on these methods are explained. Animal and human tissue (cell) cultures (cell culture definition, types, methods, media, passage, freezing, thawing, viability tests, cell count and macrophage culture) are presented in a separate section. Therefore, the book contains information about both plant and animal tissue and cell cultures. After explaining with examples how to apply each culture method, its application areas in practice are explained. I believe that the book will be useful as a basic reference book for students and academics working in basic sciences such as Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and applied sciences such as Agriculture, Bioengineering, Genetic Engineering, Health Sciences.
In this book; the organs and organ systems that make up the human body, how the organism functions in its integrity, and how the functional organization of our body takes place are explained in a simple level.
Firstly; in the structural and functional organization part of the human body, it is explained how the basic elements that exist in nature come together to form first chemical compounds, then cells, tissues, organs, systems and finally the whole of the organism and how they work in harmony by completing each other.
In the next parts of the book, cells, which are the functional unit of the organism, respectively; blood, which has basic functions such as transport, protection and regulation; nervous system with functions such as rapid control, coordination and learning-memory between systems; muscular system that elicits movements; the heart and circulatory system, which ensures that blood circulates throughout the body; the respiratory system that provides oxygen, which is the most basic requirement of life; digestive system, which allows energy sources and metabolic building blocks to enter the body; excretory system that allows the wastes formed in the body to be excreted through urine; the sensory system that ensures harmony with our environment through communication; endocrine system, which provides long-term and permanent coordination between systems; the reproductive system that maintains the species; nutrition, metabolism and thermoregulation events are explained separately in each section with the support of some anatomy knowledge.
Firstly; in the structural and functional organization part of the human body, it is explained how the basic elements that exist in nature come together to form first chemical compounds, then cells, tissues, organs, systems and finally the whole of the organism and how they work in harmony by completing each other.
In the next parts of the book, cells, which are the functional unit of the organism, respectively; blood, which has basic functions such as transport, protection and regulation; nervous system with functions such as rapid control, coordination and learning-memory between systems; muscular system that elicits movements; the heart and circulatory system, which ensures that blood circulates throughout the body; the respiratory system that provides oxygen, which is the most basic requirement of life; digestive system, which allows energy sources and metabolic building blocks to enter the body; excretory system that allows the wastes formed in the body to be excreted through urine; the sensory system that ensures harmony with our environment through communication; endocrine system, which provides long-term and permanent coordination between systems; the reproductive system that maintains the species; nutrition, metabolism and thermoregulation events are explained separately in each section with the support of some anatomy knowledge.
Plant Physiology is a branch of science that explains the basic problems of the formation, maintenance and termination of physiological events in plants according to the laws of physics and chemistry. In order to fully understand and learn about plant life, these complex events must be examined. Studies on plant physiology also shed light on important agricultural functions such as growing and harvesting plants suitable for the environment, and combating diseases and pests.
In the 1st part of this book, which consists of 15 main chapters, Plant Organs; It is explained in 5 subsections under the titles of Plant Cell, Plant Seeds, Plant Root, Plant Stem, Plant Leaf. The Structure and Properties of Water, Water-Cell Relationship, Water-Plant Relationship are explained in Chapter 2. Water Depletion in Plants is given in Chapter 3, Plant Nutrient Elements and Their Absorption in Chapter 4, and then Enzymes are explained in detail in Chapter 5, using the most recent sources. Production of Organic Matter in Plants (Photosynthesis) is explained in Chapter 6, Transport of Mineral Salts and Photosynthesis Products is explained in Chapter 7. Nitrogen and Sulfur Extraction is given in Chapter 8 of the book, Protein Extraction is given in Chapter 9, and Lipid Extraction is given in Chapter 10. Breathing in Chapter 11; explained in detail under six subheadings. Growth and Growth Movements are explained in Chapter 12, Flowering Physiology in Chapter 13, Movement Physiology in Plants in Chapter 14 and finally in Chapter 15 Stress Physiology based on the latest research findings.
Each of the 15 chapters in the book have been read by at least three of the 21 scientists working at different universities and research institutions, and who usually teach Plant Physiology Courses to undergraduate and graduate students in our universities. The names and addresses of the helping scientists are presented under the title of Contributors, as is practiced in the books published abroad.
In the 1st part of this book, which consists of 15 main chapters, Plant Organs; It is explained in 5 subsections under the titles of Plant Cell, Plant Seeds, Plant Root, Plant Stem, Plant Leaf. The Structure and Properties of Water, Water-Cell Relationship, Water-Plant Relationship are explained in Chapter 2. Water Depletion in Plants is given in Chapter 3, Plant Nutrient Elements and Their Absorption in Chapter 4, and then Enzymes are explained in detail in Chapter 5, using the most recent sources. Production of Organic Matter in Plants (Photosynthesis) is explained in Chapter 6, Transport of Mineral Salts and Photosynthesis Products is explained in Chapter 7. Nitrogen and Sulfur Extraction is given in Chapter 8 of the book, Protein Extraction is given in Chapter 9, and Lipid Extraction is given in Chapter 10. Breathing in Chapter 11; explained in detail under six subheadings. Growth and Growth Movements are explained in Chapter 12, Flowering Physiology in Chapter 13, Movement Physiology in Plants in Chapter 14 and finally in Chapter 15 Stress Physiology based on the latest research findings.
Each of the 15 chapters in the book have been read by at least three of the 21 scientists working at different universities and research institutions, and who usually teach Plant Physiology Courses to undergraduate and graduate students in our universities. The names and addresses of the helping scientists are presented under the title of Contributors, as is practiced in the books published abroad.
Microbiology has become an important and interesting field for beginners. While learning the content and concepts of basic microbiology, many questions are asked: How do I learn the names of all these microorganisms? What infection does bacteria, virus or fungus cause and which diseases do they cause? How are these diseases treated? In this book, comprehensive information is presented about the information that a student or an academician interested in the field of microbiology is curious about in the field of microbiology. The basic concepts of General and Molecular Microbiology have been tried to be presented in a clear and concise manner that will appeal to students studying in different health fields and academicians interested in microbiology. The topics are written in a plain language, with uncomplicated explanations for difficult concepts. The topics were summarized through tables and figures rather than a long text, and colorful visuals were included for students. In particular, the important points in the reviews were highlighted in the boxes to help the students, and the study questions were prepared to address the relevant aspects of each subject, including clinical cases, and each section was prepared with current developments and information on microbiology. The book starts with a general introduction to microbiology and continues with chapters where general microbiology issues are discussed in detail. All microorganisms are given individually under sections. The sections on bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are neatly arranged. Each chapter is presented in color to excite those interested in microbiology and engage them while teaching new information. The book will also be useful in the laboratory applications of the subjects that form the basis of microbiology in the faculties of science, education faculties, medical faculties and dentistry faculties.
The first edition of our book, of which we have made the 12th edition, was made in 2003 under the title of "General Microbiology". It includes topics such as the morphology, cell structures, development, reproduction, ecology, hereditary changes, classification of microorganisms and consists of 10 chapters. In the 2 (2007), 3 (2011), 4 (2013), 5 (February 2015), 6 (November 2015) editions of the book, tools and equipment used in the microbiology laboratory, aseptic technique, sterilization, microscope types, staining methods, pure culture techniques Laboratory applications such as , media, counting methods are also included. Thus, the book consisting of 24 chapters was named as “General Microbiology and Laboratory Guide”.
In each renewed edition, new sources on the subject were scanned and important information was added. In the 4th edition made in 2013, no significant changes were made in the subject headings except for the additional titles of the structure and functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) and general and current summary information about antibiotics (5.5.). However, in the 5th edition, the subsection on the structure-functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) was taken to the 9th section and the name of this section was changed to "genetics of microorganisms and hereditary change". In the 9th edition, additions were made to the 10th chapter. In the 10th and 11th editions, some grammatical errors were corrected and in the last edition the importance of microbiology was added.
Our aim is to present a book on General Microbiology to the students of the Food Engineering Department of the faculties of Engineering and Agriculture and to the students of other departments studying General Microbiology at Universities. Of course, we will be proud that everyone who is interested in the subject will benefit from our book.
We are happy to be able to make the tenth edition of our book, which is popularly read in the relevant departments of both our universities and vocational schools.
In each renewed edition, new sources on the subject were scanned and important information was added. In the 4th edition made in 2013, no significant changes were made in the subject headings except for the additional titles of the structure and functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) and general and current summary information about antibiotics (5.5.). However, in the 5th edition, the subsection on the structure-functions of nucleic acids (3.2.8.1.) was taken to the 9th section and the name of this section was changed to "genetics of microorganisms and hereditary change". In the 9th edition, additions were made to the 10th chapter. In the 10th and 11th editions, some grammatical errors were corrected and in the last edition the importance of microbiology was added.
Our aim is to present a book on General Microbiology to the students of the Food Engineering Department of the faculties of Engineering and Agriculture and to the students of other departments studying General Microbiology at Universities. Of course, we will be proud that everyone who is interested in the subject will benefit from our book.
We are happy to be able to make the tenth edition of our book, which is popularly read in the relevant departments of both our universities and vocational schools.
An effort has been made to prepare a textbook covering the latest developments in zoology for students studying biology and taking zoology courses in different faculties. A large number of figures and pictures are presented for better understanding and reinforcement of the subjects.
Genetics is the science that studies heredity and heredity in living things. In the science of genetics, besides the classic subjects such as Mendel's Studies, there are also rapidly changing fields, such as in the field of Molecular Genetics. The main thing in a genetics book is to provide the latest information in rapidly changing fields along with classical subjects. In addition, the author should reflect his own views on the book after synthesizing the acquired knowledge. For these reasons, I wanted this book to include not only the topics that I teach my students during limited class hours, but also all the basic topics that should be in a genetics book. That's what I tried to do while writing this book. For this reason, it took many years to write the book, and as a result, this work emerged. I hope that my book will add new richness to the knowledge of the target audience.
Target audience for this book:
• Scientists working in the field of genetics,
• Research assistants working on a postgraduate thesis in the field of genetics and students working on a postgraduate thesis,
• Students of the Biology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Departments of the Faculties of Science and Letters, the Science and Biology Teaching departments of the Faculties of Agriculture, Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Faculties, Education Faculties,
• Biology teachers of high schools and science teachers of primary schools and
• People from all walks of life who are interested in genetics.
The fact that the book reaches its goal will make me forget all my tiredness.
Target audience for this book:
• Scientists working in the field of genetics,
• Research assistants working on a postgraduate thesis in the field of genetics and students working on a postgraduate thesis,
• Students of the Biology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Departments of the Faculties of Science and Letters, the Science and Biology Teaching departments of the Faculties of Agriculture, Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Faculties, Education Faculties,
• Biology teachers of high schools and science teachers of primary schools and
• People from all walks of life who are interested in genetics.
The fact that the book reaches its goal will make me forget all my tiredness.
The subjects included in molecular biology, cell biology and histology branches have priority in understanding the lessons taken during biology education. Histology, which is the science of tissue, examines the tissues formed as a result of the coming together of similar cells to undertake a certain function, using many different methods.
In this book; First of all, important ways of working for the subject, a brief reminder about the cell, and the formation, classification and briefly functioning of basic tissues such as epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue that cells are structured are discussed. It also focuses on how the basic tissues come together and the organs they form and the emerging systems; Diseases to be associated with each tissue and system are given for general information purposes.
At the end of the book, there is a glossary of words from the book that are not explained in the topic.
In this book; First of all, important ways of working for the subject, a brief reminder about the cell, and the formation, classification and briefly functioning of basic tissues such as epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue that cells are structured are discussed. It also focuses on how the basic tissues come together and the organs they form and the emerging systems; Diseases to be associated with each tissue and system are given for general information purposes.
At the end of the book, there is a glossary of words from the book that are not explained in the topic.
As the importance of plant-based foods in human nutrition has been proven by research findings, interest in plant analysis has increased. The analysis of agricultural products is requested and closely monitored in many countries. The development of modern devices and easy-to-use sensitive methods has led to the widespread use of plant analysis. As in most countries, plant analysis has taken its place in the analysis programs of laboratories in our country. The development of easy-to-use devices and sensitive methods has supported the spread of plant analysis.
This book, which was prepared to provide information on new easy-to-apply plant analysis methods to undergraduate and graduate students as well as those working in laboratories, consists of 24 main chapters. For those who want to work in laboratories with their own rules, the first and basic information is given in Chapter 1 and the developments in plant analysis from past to present are given in Chapter 2. In the light of the latest information, how and in what way the plant samples will be taken and the results of the analysis will be evaluated in Chapter 3 and the methods applied in the decomposition (burning) of organic matter are given in Chapter 4. Today, various modern analysis methods of macro and micro elements and useful elements that are absolutely necessary for plants are given in Chapters 5 - 24.
The chapters in the book were read by a total of 20 scientists and researchers working in different universities and research institutions, and necessary corrections and arrangements were made in line with the suggestions. The names and addresses of the helpers are presented under the title of "Contributors" as in the books published abroad.
This book, which was prepared to provide information on new easy-to-apply plant analysis methods to undergraduate and graduate students as well as those working in laboratories, consists of 24 main chapters. For those who want to work in laboratories with their own rules, the first and basic information is given in Chapter 1 and the developments in plant analysis from past to present are given in Chapter 2. In the light of the latest information, how and in what way the plant samples will be taken and the results of the analysis will be evaluated in Chapter 3 and the methods applied in the decomposition (burning) of organic matter are given in Chapter 4. Today, various modern analysis methods of macro and micro elements and useful elements that are absolutely necessary for plants are given in Chapters 5 - 24.
The chapters in the book were read by a total of 20 scientists and researchers working in different universities and research institutions, and necessary corrections and arrangements were made in line with the suggestions. The names and addresses of the helpers are presented under the title of "Contributors" as in the books published abroad.
This book has been prepared for faculty or college students who take the biochemistry course in a short period of time, such as one semester. Although there are many translated and written biochemistry books in our country, what makes this book unique among them is that it has a content and appropriate volume that students can easily understand.
In the writing of the book, one of the most valid methods in learning and teaching, the "general to detailed method" was applied. At the beginning of each topic, a brief summary of that topic is given and then the details of the topic are given.
In order to better understand the information, the written information is associated with examples and analogies and supported by many formulas, pictures and tables.
In the writing of the book, one of the most valid methods in learning and teaching, the "general to detailed method" was applied. At the beginning of each topic, a brief summary of that topic is given and then the details of the topic are given.
In order to better understand the information, the written information is associated with examples and analogies and supported by many formulas, pictures and tables.
It has been witnessed that the number of plant, soil and fertilizer analysis laboratories has increased rapidly in our country in recent years, and this number exceeds thirty in some provinces. The main reason for this is that the negativities in traditional (conventional) agriculture are clearly seen in our country, as in various countries, and the "Good Agricultural Practices, GAP" regulation came into force within the framework of the European Union (EU) harmonization program. The negative effects on the environment of the lack of guidance and control in the application of agricultural inputs, especially chemical fertilizers and pesticides, on human and animal health have been clearly seen.
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Medical biology and genetics is the science of biology that studies the hereditary character that affects human existence and health. This book has been arranged according to the needs of the departments to be used during the conduct of the "Medical Biology and Genetics" course taught in the first years of Health Services programs and faculties. The selected course contents are handled in a general framework and aim to provide students with a basic perspective on the field. The chapters of the book are planned as seven chapters in accordance with this purpose. In the first three chapters, cell biology and metabolism are explained from simple to complex in the light of current literature. In the following three chapters, the structure and organization of hereditary material are explained and detailed information is given about genetic diseases affecting human health. In the last section, cancer genetics and pathogenesis are explained and the pathophysiological process from gene to cell behavior is discussed as a whole.
Students who are new to higher education have difficulty in understanding the main subjects of medical biology and genetics, which consist of abstract data. For this reason, the topics in the book are explained in an understandable language as well as being embodied with detailed drawings. Although the topics are explained briefly and concisely, they are supported by the current literature.
Medical biology and genetics is the science of biology that studies the hereditary character that affects human existence and health. This book has been arranged according to the needs of the departments to be used during the conduct of the "Medical Biology and Genetics" course taught in the first years of Health Services programs and faculties. The selected course contents are handled in a general framework and aim to provide students with a basic perspective on the field. The chapters of the book are planned as seven chapters in accordance with this purpose. In the first three chapters, cell biology and metabolism are explained from simple to complex in the light of current literature. In the following three chapters, the structure and organization of hereditary material are explained and detailed information is given about genetic diseases affecting human health. In the last section, cancer genetics and pathogenesis are explained and the pathophysiological process from gene to cell behavior is discussed as a whole.
Students who are new to higher education have difficulty in understanding the main subjects of medical biology and genetics, which consist of abstract data. For this reason, the topics in the book are explained in an understandable language as well as being embodied with detailed drawings. Although the topics are explained briefly and concisely, they are supported by the current literature.
In recent years, our knowledge has increased within the scope of research on the molecular basis of diseases. With the use of increasing knowledge in both medical biology and medical genetics, diseases caused by cellular and chromosomal changes, which have a genetic basis, are tried to be understood on the one hand and treated on the other. Written from this point of view, this book covers all topics from the beginning of life to cell death mechanisms under the main title of "Medical Biology". Under the main title of “Genetics”, it provides an integrity starting from the structure of DNA and RNA, including the features of the genetic code, mutations and inheritance patterns. The difference of our book from its counterparts written so far is that the second part includes molecular genetics applications and practical applications step by step. There are six chapters in the "Application" part of the book, in which medical biology and genetics are covered in fourteen chapters. This book, which has been prepared in accordance with the curriculum of the relevant boards of medical faculties, is a textbook that can be used in the relevant departments of health sciences faculties, dentistry faculties and health schools. This book, which has been prepared as a result of intense effort by following up-to-date data in a period of about two years, is a resource that undergraduate, graduate students and all academics can benefit from.
Seeds and seeds are the source of life. The propagation and reproduction material used or involved in the reproduction and reproduction of plants and animals, and in a broader sense of all living beings, is called seed and seed. Especially seeds, seeds, seedlings, saplings and all kinds of breeders used in agriculture have a unique (belonging) importance and this importance cannot be discussed. The seed and the seed pod is the hiding place of all the features and beauty. Even the hidden secrets of life are here. Man has been trying to reveal and read these hidden secrets since the day he began to use seeds and seeds consciously in production and reproduction. This struggle and effort of humanity will continue for eternity (until the Day of Judgment).
One of the most important proverbs in our beautiful Turkish is “What you sow, you reap!”. In that case, it is essential to use seeds and seeds of high-yielding and high-quality varieties in order to obtain a quality product and high yield. Only in this way is it possible to engage in a profitable activity. In other words, to say basically, among the production inputs, seeds and seeds, more generally, the production material used have a special place. Farmers and producers who understand this fact properly will always gain. “The harvest of the additional seed, the mourning of absence.” The proverb expresses this situation appropriately and meaningfully.
Each seed represents a new beginning. Every seed that is a new beginning is a link with the past, a healthy and meaningful bridge between the old and the new. In many ways, the study of the seed is the study of life itself. A single seed forms a neatly wrapped package containing a living organism capable of displaying almost all the stages found in a mature plant. By examining the seed or the germinating seedling, man; He also learned a lot about growth regulators, respiration, cell division, morphogenesis, photosynthesis and other activities. Although botanists have learned a great deal about seeds and seeds since the early 20th century, there are still many unknown aspects of the seed. For this reason, as today, in the future, seeds will be of interest and research.
One of the most important proverbs in our beautiful Turkish is “What you sow, you reap!”. In that case, it is essential to use seeds and seeds of high-yielding and high-quality varieties in order to obtain a quality product and high yield. Only in this way is it possible to engage in a profitable activity. In other words, to say basically, among the production inputs, seeds and seeds, more generally, the production material used have a special place. Farmers and producers who understand this fact properly will always gain. “The harvest of the additional seed, the mourning of absence.” The proverb expresses this situation appropriately and meaningfully.
Each seed represents a new beginning. Every seed that is a new beginning is a link with the past, a healthy and meaningful bridge between the old and the new. In many ways, the study of the seed is the study of life itself. A single seed forms a neatly wrapped package containing a living organism capable of displaying almost all the stages found in a mature plant. By examining the seed or the germinating seedling, man; He also learned a lot about growth regulators, respiration, cell division, morphogenesis, photosynthesis and other activities. Although botanists have learned a great deal about seeds and seeds since the early 20th century, there are still many unknown aspects of the seed. For this reason, as today, in the future, seeds will be of interest and research.
Zoology course is the most basic course for all biologists. During the undergraduate education, zoology will be used in all the courses to be studied, and the requirements for a better understanding of this course will increase. In the book prepared to meet this need, zoology in general terms; cell and tissue systems and the structuring of tissues are discussed on the basis of embryological development. Under thirteen chapters in total; disciplines in biology, ways of examining biological events, cell and cell science, cell elements, functions of the nucleus, reproduction-reproduction, embryology, organization-histology in living things, organs and systems, diversity of life, ecology and behavior are discussed. Biodiversity is given as an introduction to the information to be obtained in the systematics of invertebrate and vertebrate groups, and ecology and behavior issues form a preliminary information for the following years.
Working with the third edition is for biologists and anyone interested in biology; It will be useful because it provides the opportunity to meet with biology and convey the basic subjects in an understandable language.
Working with the third edition is for biologists and anyone interested in biology; It will be useful because it provides the opportunity to meet with biology and convey the basic subjects in an understandable language.