Hasan Gökkaya, Meltem Altın Karataş, İsmail Kıvılcım Alca, Sedat Güven In parallel with the developments in computer technology, various software programs (design) are emerging. Software programs not only provide convenience to designers, but also allow them to realize their designs in a realistic way. Today, design needs of engineering, architecture, industrial fields, automotive, aerospace, robotic technologies, electricity, machinery, construction, furniture and projecting processes of many professions are made by using Computer Aided Design (CAD) programs. AutoCAD program is the most widely used CAD software in the world.
The book has been prepared according to AutoCAD 2020, the latest version of the AutoCAD program, and all innovations have been tried to be discussed. The computer aided design courses taught in faculties and colleges have been designed in a simplified way according to the curriculum, and many sample studies have been included.

Tuba Kınay Gör The art of printing is based on hand prints on cave walls that were made thousands of years ago. However, although the art of printmaking dates back centuries, the terms related to this art are renewing itself day by day, and new techniques and materials are added to the terminology. Although this art is quite old, it has been seen how harmful the toxic substances used in time have caused to health, and this has led artists to search for more reliable products. In addition, the artists started to experiment with the materials at hand, since some materials caused problems in terms of both cost and access. Due to these and similar reasons, a tendency towards more organic ones, both as a mold and as a dye and solvent, has been seen day by day, thus new techniques, methods and materials have emerged in the experimental sense.
This book is also a reference source that will provide great convenience in conveying these innovations and providing access to the meanings of terms in academic research. It is an abbreviated terminology focused on print that will be used by researchers and experts working on this field, especially undergraduate students studying in related departments of universities, as well as academicians.

Kaan Öztutgan Classic guitar; it is an instrument made of wood with six strings and nineteen frets. The classical guitar, which allows playing more than one sound or melody at the same time, can be evaluated in a separate category from most monophonic musical instruments with this feature. Therefore, it is necessary to follow a different teaching path than most instruments. This study, called the Beginner's Classical Guitar Method, was prepared with an empathetic approach to meet the excitement and learning desire of a student who has just started classical guitar education, and this approach is supported by the systematic and original exercises, work pieces and visuals in the book. In addition, world-renowned melodies and elements from Turkish Music are also included in this method. This book, called Beginner's Classical Guitar Method, will contribute to building a solid foundation when studied regularly and patiently.

H. Turgay Ünalan After the discovery of writing, human accumulates knowledge; He transferred it on materials such as bone, stone, clay tablets, metal, papyrus and parchment found in the geographies he lived in. About 2000 years ago, paper, a material that can be produced and reproduced more easily than other materials, was discovered in China, thus the adventure of paper, which has continued until today, began. Today, paper is used in all areas of life beyond being a writing and drawing tool. In addition to its use in social life, paper also appears as a design element and art product in artistic activities. Therefore, handmade paper is accepted as an important craft and art material all over the world. Two- or three-dimensional works can be done with paper pulp in the desired texture, size and color. In this book; Materials and equipment that can be easily found at home, at school, in the workshop, and activities and techniques to be applied at every age level are explained.

Serdar Okur The oud instrument has the feature of being the leading instrument of Turkish Music in the past and today, with its rhythmic performance and presence of bass sounds. Due to this feature, it has always preserved its status as a sought-after instrument in collective performances. In addition to being very suitable for using the Turkish Music sound system due to its fretless nature, it is possible to sing other types of music with the oud, especially Folk Music, which is another branch of Turkish Music, and tonal music outside our country. The suitability of the oud for arpeggio and chord performance, which we often encounter in some instruments such as guitar and piano, and its ability to be used as a solo and accompaniment instrument show us how suitable it is for development. Therefore, listening to and playing this instrument has always given me a distinct pleasure and also been a source of inspiration.
Our method, which aims at the philosophy of how new searches should be without breaking the traditional structure, after learning the traditional style focused on the future from tradition; It has been prepared with the content of traditional and modern techniques in order to be used in oud lessons in music teaching departments of education faculties, conservatories and to shed light on our young people who want to play the oud.
By using the unifying feature of music, knowing the contribution of music to aesthetic values, I wish you to grow up emotionally, human-centered and raise human-centered generations...

Zülüf Öztutgan Classical guitar playing involves the use of many different techniques. These techniques include apoyando, tirando, arpeggio, tremolo, rasgueado, harmonic, bare, pizzicato, legato, trill, golpe, tambora etc. countable. The aforementioned techniques are; It is used for purposes such as making the musical expression more effective, emphasizing some elements, reflecting the characteristics of the period in which the work was written, making references to different styles and imitating various instruments.
In this study; It is aimed to gather classical guitar techniques, which are an important dimension of guitar education and are scattered in the sources, and to introduce them to people who are interested in classical guitar or who are studying classical guitar. In this context, classical guitar techniques have been defined separately and it has been tried to make the techniques easier to understand with practical tips. In addition, it is aimed to reinforce, develop and apply these techniques in the works with the studies given for the related techniques.
Techniques included in this book; It is thought that being known by guitar instructors, composers and guitarists will contribute to classical guitar music. In addition, the original etudes given for the techniques in the book are remarkable in terms of bringing new works to the guitar education repertoire.

Ferruh Yıldız Many problems in today's cities; It is associated with poverty, inequality, pollution, unemployment, difficulties in accessing work, goods and services, low social cohesion, and poor quality of housing and other areas. On the other hand, city planning also has an impact on the social, economic and physical environments and the way cities operate.
In our country, there are more than 200 laws, statutes and regulations that directly or indirectly concern development activities. Therefore, more than 20 organizations at the national and regional level have authority as the implementer and supervisor of so many legislations. Here is one of the main reasons why an effective planning and implementation cannot be done in our country; It is the problem of institutionalization, coordination and lack of effective supervision caused by the structure of the existing planning system between the planning and implementation levels.
In this work; In parallel with the urbanization policies in our country, the necessary planning, implementation and legal bases have been tried to be given in order to produce the housing and residential environment of sufficient quality that the population needs.

Aydın Uğurlu, Feyzan Göher, H. Nurgül Begiç, Hava Selçuk, Onur Köksal, Recep Özkan, Selcen Gültekin, Servet Senem Uğurlu, Yahya Akyüz, Yonca Gül Uğurlu While the human element that makes up the society affects geography and culture on the one hand, it is also affected by geography and culture. The human element of the social structure consisting of men and women differs from society to society according to the position of these two sexes in the structure. The position of women and men in society is one of the most important factors in determining the place of that society in other societies.
The meanings ascribed to women and men by society differentiate and differentiate the contributions of the sexes to social life, even by drawing sharp boundaries, sometimes visible and sometimes invisible barriers/prohibitions. This situation; It affects every aspect of the social structure, from family life regulated by gender to individual relations, from business life to educational status.
The cultural rituals, which constitute the main source of the differences in the social roles of these two sexes, in which the existence of one is not possible without the other, has sometimes brought the woman to the fore, sometimes the man, to the point of dominating the other and even depriving him of all kinds of rights. This deprivation and domination has been mostly in favor of men in the history of humanity, and women have been pushed into the secondary plan by being overshadowed by men in almost every era and society.
This book; “Women in Turks”, “Women in Anatolia”, “Women in Nomadic Culture”, “Bacıyan-ı Rum and Women Craftsmen in Anatolia”, Women in the West”, “II-IX. It covers the topics of "Women and Music in the Turks in the Centuries", "Violence Against Women", "Women with Statistics", "Education of Girls in the Late Ottoman Period and the Professional Life of Teacher Faika Ünlüer".

Aynur Erdoğan Coşkun, Ayşen Şatıroğlu, Betül Kızıltepe, Büşra Turan Tüylüoğlu, Elif Altundere, Mehmet Ali Akyurt, Melek Kırtıl, Merve Ayar Yılmaz, Murat Şentürk, Nursen Tekgöz, Salih Ünüvar, Şefika Aydın, Yusuf Adıgüzel “Ancient cities, medieval cities and modern cities, cities in capitalist countries, cities in socialist countries, and cities in Third World countries—all of these were within our broad intellectual framework. The resulting urban sociology could be anything you can think of, if you knew it was happening in cities. If you could see it, then you could see it discussed elsewhere in the literature of urban sociology." Saunders, R (2013). Social theory: Urban sociology (S. Bring Right, Trans.). Ideal Culture Publishing.
The construction of the city and the spread of cities to almost every corner of the world has been one of the most successful human creations of all time. Although it is very difficult to make a classification about the city and urban studies, which has been discussed in many ways, associated with different disciplines and has a rich literature written on it, the framework of this book covers a broad perspective from demography to the phenomenon of urbanization, from rural practices to the process of squatting, from social mobility to migration studies. and developed incrementally.
Introduction to Urban Studies aims to illuminate the dynamics of the past and present by approaching, step by step, the issues of city, dirt and migration, which still remain important and do not fall off the agenda. This work, which can be used by both those who are interested in urban studies and experts, is important in terms of being a starter book and creating integrity in the academic context.

Vahap Candan During my sports or cultural trips, Turkish expressions that I had not heard before in the field of architecture caused me to look more carefully at village structures. I sensed that we had a rich vocabulary regarding the art of construction. Looking at the ancient sources, I began to realize that those words were a guide that took us on a journey through the time tunnel.
I could not come across a study directly related to the village building art in the old sources. Interest in the village started by Turkish intellectuals during the Second Constitutional Period in the first years of the Republic, Atatürk especially encouraged research on Turkish language, history and cultural history. I also scanned the compilation dictionaries compiled by the intellectuals of the time, as a bee collects honey, from the mouths of the people, with Atatürk's orders and encouragements. My curiosity deepened and I also scanned the search dictionaries. With the thought that it would be useful to make a comparison, I also examined the reference sources of the Gokturk, Uyghur and Karakhanid periods on the subject. that the words in question do not merely represent a structure or element of structure; When I realized that some of them bear the traces of our cultural codes, I started taking notes. The transformation of these notes into the Building Art Dictionary is the result of five years of research and analysis.
I hope that the dictionary will contribute to the understanding of our cultural codes and be useful...

Ebru Güller, Ayça Tokuç, Gülden Köktürk, Kutluğ Savaşır Our Nature and Architecture Project for Junior Designers stood out among 206 projects in 2017 and was deemed worthy of support by TÜBİTAK 4004 Nature Education and Science Schools. In 2018, it was entitled to be supported for the second time. We think that the biggest share in this success is that it is a sincere and sincere project. It is a process-oriented study, not a result-oriented one, and has been designed in many activities. The aim is for children to experience an interactive process where they have fun while playing and learn while having fun. Our children have carried out 2 and 3 dimensional design works with great devotion in a short period of time such as 1.5 hours. We congratulate each and every one of them for their great ideas, unique solutions to environmental problems and successful designs...

İclal Kardıçalı Are you ready for a journey in the world of music from past to present?
This book, which includes the history of music, basic music information, local and foreign music genres, musical instruments, dances and songs, is for everyone from early childhood with its colorful drawings and plain expression.

Şevki Özer Akçay In addition to dealing with music as a branch of art for many years, a curiosity and interest that is constantly alive in my mind led me to research the relationship between music and the brain. In this process, the mysterious and magnificent structure of the brain, its effect on behavior, and the power of music to direct these effects took my curiosity even further. Finally, I did extensive literature reading, realizing that there was so much to learn and explore in the field of neuromusicology, where the art of music and neuroscience intersect. This study has come to life as a result of extensive literature readings that have also fed various projects and publications starting from 2015. I hope that this book, in which I try to present many concepts, paradigms, methods and techniques together with the results of case studies for a newly developing field in our country such as neuromusicology, will be useful to the whole community.

Tacettin Tınaz “Keyboard of Oud” is not an oud method. However, most of the oud methods are missing or not explained and shown in sufficient detail; The sound system of Turkish music, the tuning of the oud, the position of the frets on the keyboard according to the makams (including 1, 3, 4, 5 voice transposes) are the main topics of this book. The tools named “Transpose Table for Oud” and “Transpose Wheels” developed by the author and presented to music lovers with this book for the first time in Turkey and in the world, are of a quality that will enable both the comprehension of the transpose subject and the ease of this process. The videos presented as an appendix to the book will make the subjects easy to grasp. The book is more visual than textual. All images are in color. The colors in the images are not randomly used, but coded (matched) with concepts and terms. Coded colors will make it easier for the reader to grasp and perceive. “The Keyboard of Oud” can be used as a supplementary book by those who teach and learn to play the oud.

Zeki Yağız Bayraktaroğlu In this book; The mathematical models used for the design, analysis, simulation and control of industrial robots are discussed. Analytical methods applied in modeling serial manipulators defined by open kinematic chains are presented from an engineering point of view. Analytical modeling methods; It is introduced under the headings of geometry, kinematics, static and dynamics, with a systematic approach that is easy to program. Detailed application examples are given for serial manipulator structures commonly encountered in industrial robots.
Book; It has been prepared as a basic resource that can be followed in robotics courses given in undergraduate and graduate programs in engineering departments of universities such as Machinery, Electric-electronics, Mechatronics, Control and Computer. The book can also be considered as a reference resource for engineers and researchers working on robot design, analysis and implementation.

Muteber ERBAY, Tülay ZORLU, Betül AKGÜL, Dilara ONUR, Aylin ARAS At the intersection of Art and Architecture, this book introduces a tried-and-true method for creating form and solving interior spaces in design studios, based on Kandinsky's work through the art of painting.
The book basically consists of two parts. In the first part; Design and Creativity, Design Studios in Architectural Education, Painting Art and Architecture, Abstract Art and Kandinsky, The Concept of Abstraction and the Relationship between Architecture are examined. In the second part, a method proposal applied in the Interior Architecture Class I design studio is introduced and the resulting products are shared with the reader.

Sıdıka Sibel Sevim Ceramic decorations have increased their aesthetic value by ascribing different meanings to the products produced since the first ages when ceramic production began. In addition to this, it has also been an important means of conveying people's feelings, thoughts and current lives. Ceramic decors, which were initially applied using primitive methods, later started to be applied with modern methods with the development of technology. Today, mass productions are made in the ceramic industry with the constantly developing ceramic decoration methods. In artistic works, applications are presented with different effects of hand decorations as well as technical decoration methods.
In this book, a brief history of ceramic decors and application techniques from the beginning, ceramic decor design and purpose, ceramic decor types applied on underglaze, underglaze, overglaze and wet mud and the methods used in these decors, screen printing decors, decoration methods applied in today's ceramic art and industry, application stages and explained with examples.

Alpaslan Aliağaoğlu, Abdullah Uğur Cities directly or indirectly affect a very large part of the world's population by connecting the surrounding population to themselves, due to their central location and the variety of goods and services they produce, together with the dense population they contain. For this reason, cities have a complex and rapidly changing structure by nature. For this reason, cities are difficult to plan, and their problems are many and varied. Globalization, which has been increasing its impact since the 1990s, has made this structure of cities even more complex.
Solving the problems of the cities and ensuring a healthy city development is only possible by analyzing the cities in a multi-faceted manner. This study aims to update the city, which has a long history and a rapid change, and the urban geography issues that deal with it, and to contribute to the multi-faceted analysis of cities.

Ahmet Yazar, Anzavur Demirpolat, Elif Karakurt Tosun, Erdi Aksakal, Esra Işık, Gül Aktaş, Harun Biçakcı, Kadir Şahin, Kerem Özbey, Levent Taş, M. Yavuz Alptekin, Mustafa Poyraz, Nilüfer Öztürk Aykaç, Selin Bitirim Okmeydan, Yaşar Erjem This study is one of the most comprehensive methodological studies on “urban sociology” in Turkey. The book has sixteen titles in fourteen chapters. Because two of the chapters consist of two separate titles. However, the book has been meticulously written in a way that makes the book "Efradını mosque, aghyarını" a work of expertise, and the issues and issues that should be included in a Urban Sociology book are masterfully handled by the author of each chapter, without going into unnecessary issues and discussions that will increase the volume and number of pages of the book. Except for the two chapters written by the editor, each chapter was written by a different academic from fifteen different universities in Turkey who are experts on the subject. The book has a methodology that can provide the educational material of the relevant courses in departments such as Sociology, Public Administration and Architecture of universities, as well as in a depth to meet the scientific information needs of academics and researchers from various levels who research different dimensions of City, Urbanization and Urban life, and finally, by reading these subjects from scientific books, the book is qualified. It is a complete book in simplicity that can meet the needs of curious readers who want to get information. This issue can be better understood when the sixteen main headings in the book, which are covered in fourteen chapters, are reviewed.

• THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY
• BASIC CONCEPTS IN URBAN SOCIOLOGY
• ANADOLU TURKISH URBANIZATION EXPERIENCE FROM SELÇUKLU TO THE REPUBLIC AND THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF OUR URBAN CIVILIZATION
• CONTRIBUTIONS OF ARTISTS TO URBANIZATION AND URBAN CULTURE IN SELJUK AND OTTOMAN
• URBAN THEORIES
• URBANIZATION AND MODERNITY
• URBAN LIFE AND URBAN CULTURE
• MIGRATION AS AN URBANIZATION DYNAMIC
• CITY, CAPITALISM AND ECONOMIC LIFE
• URBAN POVERTY
• URBAN(IZEMENT) AND POLITICS
• GLOBAL CITIES
• MODERN CITY, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND Slum
• SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN(IZATION): SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION
• URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
• NEW URBANIZATION TRENDS AND FUTURE CITIES

Aslı İcil Tuncer, Behiç Alp Aytekin, Can Pekin, Emine Nilüfer Özel, İçten Duygu Çallı, M. Umut Tuncer, Mehmet Özbek, Mustafa Aslan, Pelin Erdal Aytekin, Sefa Pala, Taner Kızılhan Basic design concepts are the concepts that form and define the basic visual alphabet of visual communication design. These concepts are also known as the building blocks of the art, design and craft production worlds of action. The technical learning of these concepts and the knowledge of how to apply them equips the person who acquires this knowledge with a different knowledge of the alphabet than the text-based alphabet and makes it technically literate of the visual language. Therefore, these concepts, producing problem solutions under the definition of designer; providing interaction and experience products such as graphic designers, architects, industrial designers, artists, user experience specialists; It carries the knowledge of a first step in terms of professionals working with different material information in various time-space spaces.
In order to better understand and learn the related concept sets, there are many source books and approaches that convey technical information based on visual communication design and art in the national and international literature. However, a combined view of these basic concept sets from different professional and theoretical disciplines has not been put forward until now. This work is based on this basic argument: The relationship between basic design concepts with various disciplines, application solutions, academic theories, in short, with the preoccupation of life is explored and analyzed within this work. It is envisaged that the interdisciplinary perspective that this approach will provide will bring a different perspective and application skills on concept sets to students studying design, professional designers, scientists who work on design theory and practice, and a much broader target audience.

Taner Kızılhan, Barış Atiker, Mehmet Özbek, Pelin Erdal Aytekin, Behiç Alp Aytekin, M. Umut Tuncer, Çakır Aker, İçten Duygu Çallı, Yelda Yanat Bağcı Curious about the relationship of basic design concepts with various disciplines, application solutions, academic theories, in short, with the preoccupation of life, we implemented the project titled "Reading Basic Design Concepts Interdisciplinary". In this context, the first book of the three-book series, "Reading Basic Design Concepts Interdisciplinary-I", was published in March 2019 to be brought to the literature by Nobel Academic Publishing. The series continues on its way with this second book and expands the research universe. The second book deals with nine new concepts, starting from the place where the first book forms the basic framework for the interdisciplinary interaction of concept sets, and while examining these concepts, it deepens the theoretical discussion approach a little more.
The main motivation foreseen from the beginning of the project is that the interdisciplinary integrity that our approach will bring, will bring a very different perspective and strength for the students, designers and a wider target audience by combining basic design education with application knowledge. It is thought that this theoretical interdisciplinary view is important in terms of understanding how deep the basic design concepts have in mathematics, the whole of relations and the basis of practice.

A. Elif Posos Devrani, Ardan Ergüven, Barış Atiker, Ece Vitrinel, Hasip Pektaş, Hatice Öz Pektaş, M. Emir Fidan, Mehmet Özbek, Nazlı Eda Noyan, Pelin Erdal Aytekin, Tuba Uğraş You have the third book of the project titled "Interdisciplinary Reading of Basic Design Concepts", which is curious about the relationship of basic design concepts with various disciplines, application solutions, academic theories, in short, with the preoccupation of life. The last work of the series takes the approach from the point where the first two books set the basic framework and advances, and opens up ten new concept sets for discussion.
In the work, a content is presented in which the theoretical discussion ground of the series reaches the widest limits and the search for meaning about interdisciplinary connections deepens. At this point, it is thought that some sections and contents in the work were examined within the approaches that were put forward for the first time in the literature. This situation creates the main motivation source and production style of all three addresses on the axis of "new approaches to the production of ideas and knowledge".
It is on the agenda as one of the most important contributions expected from the beginning of the project that the interdisciplinary integrity brought by the approach will bring a very different perspective and strength for the students, designers and a wider target audience by combining basic design education with practical knowledge. Considering that this theoretical interdisciplinary view is important in terms of understanding how deep the basic design concepts have in mathematics, the whole of relations and the basis of application, the last work of the series is presented to your liking...

Cevat İnal, Ali Erdi, Ferruh Yıldız In our country, maps in different scales are produced for different purposes. These maps are used by different professionals in all kinds of projects and applications based on the earth. Technical staff outside the map industry should know and be able to apply the subject and simple measurement techniques in order to be able to carry out the technical principles and application projects related to the production of these maps they use. This work has been prepared in such a way that it can be a reference source for the problems related to topography of technical staff working in sectors such as construction, architecture, city and regional planning, geology, mining, environment and agriculture, especially outside the mapping sector. In addition, the main issues of the map-cadastre sector related to topographic measurements are also included in the work.

Alper Akdeniz Although the oud may seem like just a musical instrument, it has a richness that can be understood by those who perform it and a good listener with its soul appealing tone.
“The whole world is justifiably illogical and illogical to someone who knows nothing about playing the oud and has no understanding of the art of muses, and who takes a lot of ouds and piles them all up on top of each other; he will look. So, what is the difference between such a person and someone who, not knowing how to use this treasure, hoards gold and silver in his chest, treats them as if they are sacred, and never touches them?”
One of the basic instruments of the classical Turkish music and folk music tradition, the "ud" is important because of its prevalence both among the public and in educational institutions. In this book, which has been prepared with the thought that it will contribute to oud education, the style and school preferences of the master oud players in and outside the academy in Turkey, their opinions and evaluations on materials and techniques, their perspectives on oud education, their ideas about the problems of oud education and solutions to these problems. is located.
As Horace stated, I am one of those who believe that we should be aware of the wealth we have. Hope it is useful…

Sadettin Volkan Kopar, Halil Uğur Kutlu Usuls, one of the two basic elements of Turkish music theory, have a very important place in the field of Turkish music performance and education. Since the period when Turkish music works were taught from teacher to student with the meşk system, the usûls, which have assumed the role of memory recorder and reminder due to their relationship with the lyrics and melody of the works, constitute one of the important pillars of the cultural bridge established between the ages. It is seen that the procedures have undergone many changes in the historical process in terms of naming, definition, application, notation, concepts used in the method and times. There are differences in the definitions, representations and applications of the procedures in the sources used in the methodology education today.
In this work, which is the first book in which Turkish music procedures are presented together with their applications, the usûls are defined in the simplest and most understandable way possible. By adding the note of a work that will set an example to each usûl, the mints of the usûls were written in the beginning parts of the notes, in order to help the learning of the works by using the usûl. The main patterns and clamors of the procedures were practiced by knocking, and the video recordings of the practices were easily accessed with the QR code added to the book. In each video, the writing of the relevant usûl along with the practices made with kudum is given and it is aimed to follow and learn the mints easily by coloring the usûl notes together with the kudum mints.

Durmuş Ali Açıkel, Mustafa Altın, Atila Dorum The construction of the facilities, which have been built to meet the needs of living things from the existence of humanity to the present, will continue until the day when humanity will disappear. At every stage of this construction process, there will be the issue of producing buildings of certain standards and quality.
In order to produce buildings with the standards and quality that are felt today, the necessary technical staff should be trained in the relevant departments of the universities and sufficient technical education should be given to them. In our country, the works used in the provision of this education include subjects from very different and different fields in the whole of academic studies; It eliminates the opportunity for students to find the information they need in a single book. The work in your hand has been prepared on the basis of the lack of compact source books needed in this field.
In this context, the book is in accordance with the curriculum of the building and architectural knowledge courses of the Civil Engineering departments, in addition to the Building Technology I and II course curricula taught in the Construction Programs of Vocational Schools. In addition, the book is a work that can provide technical-formal guidance to the technical staff dealing with construction work in the market during the production of buildings.